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1
Q

Which statement best describes an Availability Zone
A) A fully isolated portion of the AWS global infrastructure

B) A site that Amazon CloudFront uses to cache copies of content for faster delivery to users at any location

C) The server from which Amazon CloudFront gets your files

D) A separate geographical location with multiple locations that are isolated from each other

A

A) A fully isolated portion of the AWS global infrastructure

An Availability Zone is a single data center or a group of data centers within a Region.

Availability Zones are located tens of miles apart from each other. This helps them to provide interconnectivity to support the services and applications that run within a Region.

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2
Q

Which compute option reduces costs when you commit to a consistent amount of compute usage for a 1-year or 3-year term?

A) Spot Instances
B) Dedicated Hosts
C) Savings Plans
D) Reserved Instances

A

C) Savings Plans

Amazon EC2 Savings Plans enable you to reduce your compute costs by committing to a consistent amount of compute usage for a 1-year or 3-year term. This results in savings of up to 72% over On-Demand Instance costs. Any usage up to the commitment is charged at the discounted Savings Plan rate (for example, $10 an hour). Any usage beyond the commitment is charged at regular On-Demand Instance rates.

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3
Q

Which service is used to quickly deploy and scale applications on AWS?

A) AWS Outposts
B) AWS Elastic Beanstalk
C) AWS Snowball
D) Amazon Cloud Front

A

B) AWS Elastic Beanstalk

You upload your application, and Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the deployment details of capacity provisioning, load balancing, auto-scaling, and application health monitoring.

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4
Q

Which tool enables you to visualize, understand, and manage your AWS costs and usage over time?

A) AWS Pricing Calculator
B) AWS Budgets
C) AWS Cost Explorer
D) AWS Artifact

A

C) AWS Cost Explorer

With AWS Cost Explorer, you can quickly create custom reports to analyze your AWS cost and usage data.

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5
Q

Which statement best describes Amazon GuardDuty?
A) A service that lets you monitor network requests that come into your web applications

B) A service that checks applications for security vulnerabilities and deviations from security best practices

C) A service that provides intelligent threat detection for your AWS infrastructure and resources

D) A service that helps protect your applications against distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks

A

C) A service that provides intelligent threat detection for your AWS infrastructure and resources

AWS GuardDuty identifies threats by continually monitoring the network activity and account behavior within your AWS environment.

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6
Q

You want to store data in a key-value database. Which service should you use?

A) Amazon Aurora
B) Amazon RDS
C) Amazon DynamoDB
D) Amazon Document DB

A

C) Amazon DynamoDB

Amazon DynamoDB is a key-value database service. A key-value database might include data pairs such as “Name: John Doe,” “Address: 123 Any Street,” and “City: Anytown”.

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7
Q

You want to send and receive messages between distributed application components. Which service should you use?

A) Amazon ElastiCache
B) AWS Snowball
C) Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)
D) Amazon Route 53

A

C) Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)

Amazon SQS is a message queuing service. Using Amazon SQS, you can send, store, and receive messages between software components at any volume size, without losing messages or requiring other services to be available.

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8
Q

In the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class, Amazon S3 moves objects between a frequent access tier and an infrequent access tier. Which storage classes are used for these tiers? (Select TWO.)

A) S3 Glacier
B) S3 One Zone-IA
C) S3 Standard
D) S3 Glacier Deep Archive
E) S3 Standard-IA
A

C) S3 Standard
E) S3 Standard-IA

In the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class, Amazon S3 monitors objects’ access patterns. If you haven’t accessed an object for 30 consecutive days, Amazon S3 automatically moves it to the infrequent access tier, S3 Standard-IA. If you access an object in the infrequent access tier, Amazon S3 automatically moves it to the frequent access tier, S3 Standard.

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9
Q 
Which service is used to transfer up to 100 PB of data to AWS?
A) Amazon CloudFront
B) AWS Snowmobile
C) AWS DeepRacer
D) Amazon Neptune
A

B) AWS Snowmobile

AWS Snowmobile is a service that is used for transferring up to 100 PB of data to AWS. Each Snowmobile is a 45-foot long shipping container that is pulled by a semi-trailer truck. It can transfer up to 100 PB of data.

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10
Q

Which tasks are the responsibilities of AWS? (Select TWO.)

A) Creating IAM users and groups

B) Training company employees on how to use AWS services

C) Configuring AWS infrastructure devices

D) Configuring security groups on Amazon EC2 instances

E) Maintaining virtualization infrastructure

A

C) Configuring AWS infrastructure devices
E) Maintaining virtualization infrastructure

The other three response options are tasks that are the responsibilities of customers.

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11
Q

Which pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework focuses on using computing resources in ways that meet system requirements?

A)Security
B)Reliability
C)Performance Efficiency
D)Operational Excellence

A

C)Performance Efficiency

The Performance Efficiency pillar focuses on using computing resources efficiently to meet system requirements, and to maintain that efficiency as demand changes and technologies evolve.

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12
Q

Which service is used to run containerized applications on AWS?

A) Amazon Aurora
B) Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)
C) Amazon SageMaker
D) Amazon Redshift

A

B) Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)

Amazon EKS is a fully managed service that you can use to run Kubernetes on AWS. Kubernetes is open-source software that enables you to deploy and manage containerized applications at scale.

Containers provide you with a standard way to package your application’s code and dependencies into a single object. Containers are frequently used for processes and workflows in which there are essential requirements for security, reliability, and scalability.

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13
Q

Which Support plans include access to all AWS Trusted Advisor checks? (Select TWO.)

A)Developer
B) Business
C) AWS Free Tier
D) Basic
E) Enterprise
A

B) Business
E) Enterprise

The other response options are incorrect because:

The Basic and Developer Support plans provide access to a limited selection of AWS Trusted Advisor checks.

The AWS Free Tier is not a Support plan. It is a program that consists of three types of offers that allow customers to use AWS services without incurring costs: Always free, 12 months free, and Trials.

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14
Q

Which virtual private cloud (VPC) component controls inbound and outbound traffic for Amazon EC2 instances?

A) Network access control list
B) Internet gateway
C) Subnet
D) Security group

A

D) Security group

A security group is a virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic for an Amazon EC2 instance.

By default, a security group denies all inbound traffic and allows all outbound traffic. You can add custom rules to configure which traffic should be allowed or denied.

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15
Q

Which action can you perform in Amazon CloudFront?

A)Provision an isolated section of the AWS Cloud to launch resources in a virtual network that you define.

B) Provision resources by using programming languages or a text file.

C)Deliver content to customers through a global network of edge locations.

D) Run infrastructure in a hybrid cloud approach.

A

C)Deliver content to customers through a global network of edge locations.

It uses a network of edge locations to cache content and deliver content to customers all over the world. When content is cached, it is stored locally as a copy. This content might be video files, photos, webpages, and so on.

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16
Q

Which statement best describes Elastic Load Balancing?

A) A service that distributes incoming traffic across multiple targets, such as Amazon EC2 instances

B) A service that monitors your applications and automatically adds or removes capacity from your resource groups in response to changing demand

C) A service that provides data that you can use to monitor your applications, optimize resource utilization, and respond to system-wide performance changes

D) A service that enables you to set up, manage, and scale a distributed in-memory or cache environment in the cloud

A

A) A service that distributes incoming traffic across multiple targets, such as Amazon EC2 instances

A load balancer acts as a single point of contact for all incoming web traffic to your Auto Scaling group. This means that as Amazon EC2 instances are added or removed in response to the amount of incoming traffic, these requests are routed to the load balancer first and then spread across multiple resources that will handle them.

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17
Q

Which service enables you to consolidate and manage multiple AWS accounts from a central location?

A) AWS Organizations

B) AWS Artifact

C) AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

D) AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS)

A

A) AWS Organizations

In AWS Organizations, you can centrally control permissions for the accounts in your organization by using service control policies (SCPs). Additionally, you can use the consolidated billing feature in AWS Organizations to combine usage and receive a single bill for multiple AWS accounts.

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18
Q

Which actions can you perform in Amazon Route 53? (Select TWO.)

A) Connect user requests to infrastructure in AWS and outside of AWS.

B) Monitor your applications and respond to system-wide performance changes.

C) Automate the deployment of workloads into your AWS environment.

D) Manage DNS records for domain names.

E) Access AWS security and compliance reports and select online agreements

A

A) Connect user requests to infrastructure in AWS and outside of AWS.

D) Manage DNS records for domain names.

Amazon Route 53 is a DNS web service. It gives developers and businesses a reliable way to route end users to internet applications that are hosted in AWS.

Additionally, you can transfer DNS records for existing domain names that are currently managed by other domain registrars, or register new domain names directly within Amazon Route 53.

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19
Q

You are running an Amazon EC2 instance and want to store data in an attached resource. Your data is temporary and will not be kept long term. Which resource should you use?

A) Instance store
B) Subnet
C) Amazon S3 bucket
D) Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume

A

A) Instance store

Instance stores are ideal for temporary data that does not need to be kept long term.

When an Amazon EC2 instance is stopped or terminated, all the data that has been written to the attached instance store is deleted.

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20
Q

Which migration strategy involves changing how an application is architected and developed, typically by using cloud-native features?

A) Refactoring
B) Replatforming
C) Rehosting
D) Repurchasing

A

A) Refactoring

Repurchasing involves replacing an existing application with a cloud-based version, such as software found in AWS Marketplace.

Rehosting involves moving an application to the cloud with little to no modifications to the application itself. It is also known as “lift and shift.”

Replatforming involves selectively optimizing aspects of an application to achieve benefits in the cloud without changing the core architecture of the application. It is also known as “lift, tinker, and shift.”

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21
Q

Which AWS Trusted Advisor category includes checks for your service limits and overutilized instances?

A) Security
B) Performance
C) Fault Tolerance
D) Cost Optimization

A

B) Performance

In this category, AWS Trusted Advisor also helps improve the performance of your services by providing recommendations for how to take advantage of provisioned throughput

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22
Q

Which service enables you to build the workflows that are required for human review of machine learning predictions?

A) Amazon Augmented AI
B) Amazon Aurora
C) Amazon Textract
D) Amazon Lex

A

A) Amazon Augmented AI

Amazon Augmented AI (Amazon A2I) provides built-in human review workflows for common machine learning use cases, such as content moderation and text extraction from documents. With Amazon A2I, you can also create your own workflows for machine learning models built on Amazon SageMaker or any other tools

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23
Q

You want Amazon S3 to monitor your objects’ access patterns. Which storage class should you use?

A) S3 Standard-IA
B) S3 Glacier
C) S3 Intelligent-Tiering
D) S3 One Zone-IA

A

C) S3 Intelligent-Tiering

In the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class, Amazon S3 monitors objects’ access patterns. If you haven’t accessed an object for 30 consecutive days, Amazon S3 automatically moves it to the infrequent access tier, S3 Standard-IA. If you access an object in the infrequent access tier, Amazon S3 automatically moves it to the frequent access tier, S3 Standard.

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24
Q

Which statement is TRUE for AWS Lambda?

A) The first step in using AWS Lambda is provisioning a server.

B) Before using AWS Lambda, you must prepay for your estimated compute time.

C) You pay only for compute time while your code is running.

D) To use AWS Lambda, you must configure the servers that run your code.

A

C) You pay only for compute time while your code is running.

AWS Lambda is a service that lets you run code without needing to provision or manage servers.

While using AWS Lambda, you pay only for the compute time that you consume. You are charged only when your code is running. With AWS Lambda, you can run code for virtually any type of application or backend service, all with zero administration.

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25
Which component or service enables you to establish a dedicated private connection between your data center and virtual private cloud (VPC)? A) Amazon CloudFront B) AWS Direct Connect C) Internet gateway D) Virtual private gateway
B) AWS Direct Connect AWS Direct Connect is a service that enables you to establish a dedicated private connection between your data center and VPC. The private connection that AWS Direct Connect provides helps you to reduce network costs and increase the amount of bandwidth that can travel through your network
26
You want to store data in a volume that is attached to an Amazon EC2 instance. Which service should you use? A) AWS Lambda B) Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) C) Amazon ElastiCache D) Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)
D) Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) Amazon EBS provides block-level storage volumes that you can use with Amazon EC2 instances. If you stop or terminate an Amazon EC2 instance, all the data on the attached EBS volume remains available.
27
Which statement best describes AWS Marketplace? A) A resource that provides guidance, architectural reviews, and ongoing communication with your company as you plan, deploy, and optimize your applications B) A resource that can answer questions about best practices and assist with troubleshooting issues C) A digital catalog that includes thousands of software listings from independent software vendors D) An online tool that inspects your AWS environment and provides real-time guidance in accordance with AWS best practices
C) A digital catalog that includes thousands of software listings from independent software vendors You can use AWS Marketplace to find, test, and buy software that runs on AWS.
28
Which service enables you to review details for user activities and API calls that have occurred within your AWS environment? A) AWS CloudTrail B) AWS Trusted Advisor C) Amazon CloudWatch D) Amazon Inspector
A) AWS CloudTrail With CloudTrail, you can view a complete history of user activity and API calls for your applications and resources. Events are typically updated in CloudTrail within 15 minutes after an API call was made. You can filter events by specifying the time and date that an API call occurred, the user who requested the action, the type of resource that was involved in the API call, and more.
29
Which Perspective of the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework focuses on recovering IT workloads to meet the requirements of your business stakeholders? A) Operations Perspective B) Governance Perspective C) People Perspective D) Business Perspective
A) Operations Perspective The Operations Perspective of the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework also includes principles for operating in the cloud by using agile best practices.
30
Which tool is used to automate actions for AWS services and applications through scripts? A) AWS Snowball B) Amazon Redshift C) AWS Command Line Interface D) Amazon QLDB
C) AWS Command Line Interface The AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) enables you to control multiple AWS services directly from the command line within one tool. For example, you can use commands to start an Amazon EC2 instance, connect an Amazon EC2 instance to a specific Auto Scaling group, and more. The AWS CLI is available for users on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
31
What is Cloud computing according to amazon
On demand delivery of IT resources over the internet with pay as you go pricing
32
What are the 3 kinds of deployments of cloud computing?
Cloud-Based Deployments On-Premises Deployment Hybrid deployment
33
What are aspects of a cloud based deployment
All parts of an app run in the cloud, as well as future design and development being done in the cloud
34
What are the aspects of an on-premises deployment
Deploy resources on site by using virtualization and resource management tool. Increases resource utilization by using app management and virtualization technologies. AKA private cloud deployment I like to think of it as adding a layer of cloud virtualization to existing hardware to better manage resources
35
What are the aspects of Hybrid deployment
Connect cloud-based resources to on-premises infrastructure. Its like hooking up existing hardware to AWS to benefit from cloud computing
36
What are the 6 benefits of cloud computing with Amazon
1. Trade upfront expense for variable expense (Dont have to pay for a data center,servers,etc) 2. Stop spending money to run and maintain data centers (Less time spent on management) 3. Stop guessing capacity (AWS scales to your needs) 4. Benefit from massive economies of scale (So many people are using AWS it costs less) 5. Increase speed and agility (new resources can be created in a few clicks) 6. Go global in minutes
37
Describe EC2 instances
They are virtual servers run on physical machines. EC2 instances can run a multitude of different software and services and can be scaled up to meet your needs.
38
What are the 5 types of EC2 instances
``` General Purpose Compute Optimized Memory Optimized Accelerated Computing Storage Optimized ```
39
What are the characteristics of a general purpose EC2 instance?
Balances computing, memory and networking resources. | Good for webservices, code repos, game servers and small - medium databases
40
What are the characteristics of a Compute Optimized EC2 instance?
Ideal for compute-bound applications that benefit from high-performance processors.
41
What are the characteristics of a Memory Optimized EC2 instance?
Created with a lot of memory, ideally for processing large datasets in memory. Ideal for high-performance databases
42
What are the characteristics of a Accelerated Computing EC2 instance?
Uses hardware accelerators or coprocessors to perform functions more efficiently than is possible running on CPUs. Good for floating-point number calculations, graphic processing etc
43
What are the characteristics of a Storage Optimized EC2 instance?
Prioritizes workloads that require high, sequential read and write access to large databases. Designed to handle tens of thousands of input/output operations per second
44
What are the 5 EC2 pricing categories and what are they for
On-Demand (Standard pay-as- you go category) EC2 Savings Plan (A 1 or 3 year plan that limits your computing usage for a lower price, if you go above what is described in your plan you are charged on-demand rate) Reserved Instances (A discount applied to the On-Demand instances. Think of it as a safety net if you go over on a savings plan. can have 1 to 3 year plans for instances) Spot Instances (Instances that can be started or stopped by AWS if they need the processing power.) Dedicated Hosts (Physical servers dedicated for your exclusive use.)
45
Define Scaling Up
Making components larger or faster to handle bigger loads
46
Define Scaling out
Adding more components in parallel to spread out a large load
47
What does the AWS Elastic Load Balancing do?
Distributes incoming traffic across multiple resources
48
What services help you avoid a monolithic application and how?
Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS) and Simple Queue Service (SQS) SNS allows you to set up individual app components as subscribers that can send and receive notifications. SQS allows you to actually send, store and receive messages. This setup allows each component to do its own thing without waiting for other components to send requests or come back online if they die
49
What is a container?
Containers package your app's code and all of its dependencies into a single object.
50
What are some of the services that deal with containers?
Amazon Elastic Container Service - a container management system Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service - Allows you to deploy and manage containerized apps AWS Fargate - A serverless compute engine for containers (makes containers serverless)
51
What is a Region?
A geographic location with Amazon datacenters to run your app out of.
52
What are the 4 considerations of selecting a region
Compliance with data governance and legal requirements Proximity to customers Available services in a region Pricing - Not all regions cost the same
53
What is an availability zone
1 or many datacenters within a region. They are close enough to ensure low latency within the region, but far enough away to not be taken out by a natural disaster
54
Does Elastic Load Balancing work across Regions?
Yes
55
What are edge locations and what do they do? Bonus points for what AWS service uses them
Edge Locations are sites that CloudFront uses to store cached copies of your content outside your region. This allows people far from your region a closer copy of your content to retrieve.
56
What are the 5 utilities to setup an AWS resource?
AWS Management Console AWS Command line interface (CLI) Developer SDK AWS Elastic Beanstalk - Allows you to deploy resources with code AWS CloudFormation - Treats infrastructure as code
57
What is a Virtual Private cloud (VPC)?
A networking service that allows you to set boundaries and your AWS resources and limit access to them
58
What is a subnet?
A section of a VPC that can group resources based on security or operational needs.
59
What security feature acts as a firewall at the subnet level?
The network Access Control List
60
What is a Security Group?
A firewall that controls inbound & outbound traffic for an EC2 instance.
61
Which security feature is stateless and what does that mean?
Access Control lists are stateless and that means they don't remember any network packets that they have already checked, so they check it incoming and outgoing. Security groups are stateful meaning they will only check a packet the first time they encounter it.
62
What is Amazon Route 53 and what does it do?
Route 53 is Amazon's domain name service (DNS) manager. It lets you register and manage domain names and route users to your applications.
63
What other service does Route 53 work with to use edge locations
CloudFront
64
What is the differences between Instance Stores and Elastic Block Stores (EBS)
An Instance store only retains data while an EC2 instance is active, while EBS survives after the EC2 instance is terminated.
65
Does an Elastic Block Stores instance scale automatically?
No
66
Describe Object level storage and Block level storage?
In object level storage any given item of data (file, directory whatever) is considered an object complete with metadata and a key. When an object is changed it is completely overwritten. Block level storage splits an item into equal blocks of data, and when one is altered then the only change happens and is saved only the blocks affected are overwritten.
67
What are the 6 storage classes of Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)?
S3 Standard S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (One Zone-IA or Standard One Zone-IA) S3 Intelligent-Tiering S3 Glacier S3 Glacier Deep Archive
68
How many availability zones does S3 standard store data in at minium?
3
69
How often should data put in an S3 standard bucket be accessed?
Frequently
70
What does S3 intelligent-Tiering do?
Intelligent-Tiering moves data between multiple access tiers depending on if a user has accessed it or not.
71
How long does data have to go un-accessed on the frequent tier before S3 intelligent-Tiering moves the data to in infrequently accessed tier?
30 days
72
What is S3 Glacier?
S3 Glacier is a data storage option meant for long term infrequently accessed information. It is mostly used for data archiving and is able to retrieve objects within a few minutes or hours.
73
What is S3 Glacier Deep Archive?
Deep Archive is like regular glacier but costs less and retrieval time is about 12 hours.
74
In what situations would you use Elastic Block storage over Amazon S3?
You would use EBS when you had a lot of writes and edits, and S3 if you were making more reads but not a lot of writes.
75
What are some of the aspects of Amazon Elastic File System?
Uses block storage with a local file system Clients access data through file paths Scales automatically Can scale up to petabytes without disruption
76
What are the scopes of Elastic Block Storage and Elastic File System? (Do they cover regions, AZs etc)
EBS is only available to an EC2 instance it is attached to at the same availability zone. EFS is available to any instance within a region, and can also be used by on-premises servers.
77
What are some of the advantages to using Amazon RDS over a traditional relational database system?
Amazon RDS automates provisioning, setup, patching, and backups. Integrates with other services (like Lambda) and is compatible with multiple flavors of SQL
78
What is Amazon Aurora?
Aurora is Amazons relational database engine. It is compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL, is faster than either of the previously mentioned database (5x faster than MySQL and 3x faster)
79
How many availability zones does Aurora replicate across?
3
80
Where does Aurora keep its automatic backups?
S3 bucket
81
What is dynamoDB?
DynamoDB is a nonrelational key-value database service.
82
What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of DynamoDB over a traditional RDS
DynamoDB is a serverless nonrelational means it is typically faster than a typical relational DBS, and can handle non-uniform data more easily. However Dynamo DB cannot do complicated business analytics.
83
What is amazon redshift?
Redshift is a data warehouse service that can query multiple databases, or data lakes with one API call.
84
Define heterogeneous and homogenous migrations.
A heterogeneous migration is when you migrate your database from where it is to a new one with a different database engine. A homogenous migration is moving your database from where it is to another database with the same database engine.
85
What is Amazon Database Migration Service?
Is a service that helps you migrate your database while the source database remains active; excels at heterogeneous migrations
86
What is Amazon DocumentDB and what is it good for?
A document database that supports MongoDB workloads and is good for content management.
87
What is Amazon Neptune and what is it good for?
Neptune is a graph database service. It is good for applications that work with highly connected datasets. (Think things like recommendation engines and fraud detection)
88
What is Amazon Quantum Ledger Database and what is it good for?
QLDB is a ledger database that stores all of the changes that have been made to your app. It acts like a changelog and lets you see all the changes made to app data.
89
What is Amazon Managed Blockchain?
Creates blockchain networks with open source frameworks. Good for making block chain networks
90
What is Amazon ElastiCache and what is it good for?
ElastiCache adds a caching layer on top of existing databases and supports Redis and Memchached. The caching layer lets you store results from commonly used queries in memory so retrieval is always quick.
91
What is Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator and what is it good for?
Adds an in memory cache for DynamoDB. Increases read times from single-digit milliseconds to microseconds.
92
What 6 things are customers responsible for in the shared responsibility model?
``` Data OS Network and Firewall Configuration Client-side data encryption Server-side encryptions Network traffic protection (All things going into the cloud) ```
93
What are the 5 things Amazon is responsible for in the shared responsibility model?
``` Software Hardware/infrastructure Regions Availability Zones Edge Locations (All things that the cloud is comprised of) ```
94
What is AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) system?
IAM is Amazons user/group management system that lets admins control permissions to features of AWS.
95
What are some of the best practices for a Root User?
Do not use for every day tasks Create an IAM user with permissions to create other users Only use root user to update root user credentials or alter AWS support plan.
96
What does an IAM user consist of?
A name and credentials
97
What permissions do IAM user have by default?
None.
98
What is an IAM policy?
A document (looks like a JSON object) that allows or denies access to an AWS service or resource
99
What is the principle of least privilege?
A user should only have enough permissions to complete their tasks.
100
What are IAM Groups, and IAM Roles?
A group is a collection of IAM users that have similar permissions, when a change is made to the group permission it applies to all the users in the group. IAM roles are a set of permissions that can be temporarily assigned to a user.
101
What is an AWS organization?
AWS Organizations lets you consolidate multiple AWS accounts under one master account. I like to think of it as letting an account make child accounts.
102
What is an organizational unit?
An organizational unit are organizations with similar service needs and changes applied to the unit affect all organizations within that unit. Think of it as an IAM group but for organizations
103
What is AWS Artifact?
A service that provides on-demand access to any AWS security and compliance reports.
104
What are Artifact Agreements and Artifact Reports
An agreement is a signed document detailing the types of information you use in AWS services. An Artifact report is a report detailing your responsibilities to comply with certain regulations (like HIPPA)
105
What is the customer compliance center?
A website that helps you learn more about AWS compliance.
106
What is A DDoS attack?
When a bad actor leverages an army of bots to flood your service with network traffic in hopes that it overloads the network.
107
What is AWS Shield?
Is a AWS service that protects against DDoS attacks.
108
How many levels does AWS Shield have and what are some attributes of each?
2. Standard is free and protects against most common types of DDoS attacks. Advanced is a paid service and mitigates more sophisticated attacks. Advanced also integrates with more AWS services.
109
What is Amazon Key Management Service and what is it good for?
KMS is a service that lets you create, manage, and use cryptographic keys and control which user groups have access to them. These keys let you encrypt and decrypt data.
110
What is Amazon Web Application Firewall and what is it good for?
WAF adds an additional Firewall that works like the access control list.
111
What is Amazon GuardDuty and what is it good for?
GuardDuty is an intelligent threat detection service. It monitors all of your network activity and account behavior to look for suspicious patterns.
112
What is AWS CloudWatch?
CloudWatch is a cloud monitoring system that will let you set up custom metrics and alert you if you go above or below specified thresholds or run scripts/functions to remediate the problem.
113
What is CloudTrail?
CloudTrail is an auditing service that records all API calls made from you AWS account.
114
What is ClouldTrail Insights?
An optional feature of CloudTrail that Automatically detects unusual API activities.
115
What is AWS Trusted Advisor?
A system that monitors your AWS environment for common concerns and provides recommendations in accordance with best practices.
116
What 5 categories does Trusted Advisor advise on?
``` Cost Optimization Performance Security Fault Tolerance Service Limits ```
117
What are the 3 Free tiers for AWS products?
Always Free (Assuming you stay under certain limits) 12 months Free Trials - limited trials based on time or usage
118
What are the 3 pricing concepts?
Pay For what you use, Pay less when you reserve, Pay Less with volume-based discounts when you use more
119
What does the AWS Pricing calculator do?
Lets you estimate costs for your AWS use cases and share them with others
120
What do you pay for with AWS Lambda?
You pay for the time it took for Lambda to compute your code
121
What do you pay for with an EC2 instance?
You pay for the compute time that you use while your instance was running.
122
What things do you pay for when using S3?
Storage (size, duration) Requests and data retrieval Data Transfer Management and replication. Each storage class is charged differently
123
What is the AWS Billing Dashboard and what does it do?
A website that breaks down what you are spending and where. Lets you compare your current month-to-date balance with the previous month and forecasts the next month's bill based on current usage. It also lets you purchase and manage savings plans, pay bills and publish cost and usage reports
124
What is consolidated billing and what does it enable you to do?
All charges made by an Organization are itemized and sent to the Organization master account. This lets apply for things like bulk discount pricing and savings plans across your Organization
125
What is AWS budgets and what does it do?
Lets you create a budget to plan your service usage, cost and instance reservations. It also give you forecasted costs vs budgeted costs
126
What do you need to do for AWS budgets to work?
Set a max amount you are willing to spend.
127
What does AWS Cost Explorer do?
Enables you to visualize and manage your AWS cost/usage over time. (makes pretty graphs).
128
What are the 4 support plans?
Basic Developer Business Enterprise
129
What comes with a basic support plan?
Its free access to whitepapers and documentation gives you limited access to Trusted Advisor checks Access to the personal Health Dashboard
130
What comes with a developer support plan?
``` Everything in basic level Best Practice guidance Client-side diagnostic tools building block architecture support guidance on how to use AWS offerings and features Email access to customer support ```
131
What comes with a business support plan?
Everything in the basic and support plans Full access to Trusted Advisor Direct phone access to cloud support engineers Infrastructure event management Limited support for 3rd party software
132
What comes with an enterprise support plan?
Everything at the other levels | A technical Account Manager
133
What is a Technical Account Manager
A living person who becomes your primary point of contact in AWS. Is an expert across all AWS services and ensures you have a well architected framework
134
What are the 5 pillars of well architected frameworks
``` Operational Excellence Security Cost Optimization Reliability Performance Efficiency ``` Zack's Mnemonic: Think Oscorp from Spiderman with 1 O
135
What is the AWS Marketplace
A digital catalogue of software from independent vendors that run on AWS.
136
What is Cloud Adoption Framework?
CAF organizes guidance into 6 areas of focus that addresses distinct responsibilities in adopting a cloud based infrastructure.
137
What are the 6 Perspectives of the Cloud Adoption Framework
``` Business Perspective, People Perspective, Governance Perspective Platform Perspective Security Perspective Operations Perspective ```
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What does the Cloud Adoption Framework Business Perspective ensure?
Ensures that IT aligns with business needs and that IT investments link to key business results. Use the business perspective to create a strong business case for cloud adoption.
139
What does the Cloud Adoption Framework People Perspective support?
Supports development of an organization-wide change in management strategy. Use to evaluate organizational structures and roles, new skill and process requirements. Helps prioritize training and staffing
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What does the Cloud adoption framework Governance Perspective focus on?
Focuses on the skill and processes to align IT strategy with business strategy. Use to understand how to update the staff skills and processes necessary to ensure business governance in the cloud. Ensures that you maximize the business value and minimize risk
141
What does the Cloud Adoption Framework Platform Perspective include?
includes principles and patterns for implementing new solutions on the cloud and migrating on-premises workloads to the cloud. Use a variety of architectural models to understand and communicate the structure of IT systems and their relationships. Describe the architecture of the target state environment in detail.
142
What does the Cloud Adoption Framework Security Perspective ensures?
Ensures that the organization meets security objectives for visibility auditability, control and agility
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What does the Cloud Adoption Framework Operations Perspective help with?
Helps you enable, run, use, operate, and recover IT workloads to the level agreed upon with your business stakeholders. Define how day-to-day, quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year business is conducted.
144
What are the 6 Rs of Migration?
``` They describe 6 migration strategies. Rehosting Replatforming Retire Retain Repurchase Refactoring (re-architecting) ```
145
What does Rehosting entail?
Moving an app into the cloud without changing any part of it AKA lift & shift
146
What does Replatforming entail?
Moving an app into the cloud and making a few changes to optimize cloud utility. No core architecture changes. AKA lift-tinker-shift
147
What does Retiring entail?
Removing a part of an app that is no longer needed during migration
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What does Repurchasing entail?
Dropping a service being used in an app in favor of a new one on the cloud.
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What does Refactoring entail?
Involves completely changing how an app works to better use cloud features. Is the most costly of the migration methods and should only be done due to a strong business need
150
What is the Amazon Snow Family?
The snow family is a series of devices that are designed to help you move a massive amount of data by having amazon sending you a data storage device, filling it up, and sending it back to be uploaded to the cloud.
151
Describe Snow Cone and some of its capabilities.
Snowcone is a small edge computing data transfer device. Has the following 2 CPUs 4GB of Memory 8TB of Storage
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Describe Snowball and some of its capabilities.
Comes in 2 flavors Edge Storage Optimized - more suited for large scale data migrations and recurring transfers 80TB of HDD space Edge Compute Optimized - more suited for things that require powerful computing resources (machine learning, motion video analysis etc. 42TB of HDD storage
153
Describe Snowmobile and some of its capabilities.
Snowmobile is a shipping container filled with technology that lets you ship up to 100 petabytes of data in one go.
154
What does the Operational excellence pillar of the well architected framework refer to?
Refers to the ability to run and monitor systems to deliver business value and continually improve supporting processes and procedures.
155
What does the Security pillar of the well architected framework refer to?
The ability to protect information, systems and assets while delivering business value through risk assessment and mitigation strategies
156
What does the Reliability pillar of the well architected framework refer to?
Refers the ability of a system to: Recover from infrastructure or service disruptions Dynamically acquire computing resources to meet demand mitigate disruptions such as misconfigurations or network issues
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What does the Performance efficiency pillar of the well architected framework refer to?
The ability to use computing resources efficiently to meet system requirements. Evaluating the performance efficiency of your architecture includes experimenting more often, using serverless architectures, and designing systems to be able to go global in minutes.
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What does the cost optimization pillar of the well architected framework refer to?
The ability to run systems to deliver business value at the lowest price point.
159
Which pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework includes the ability to run workloads effectively and gain insights into their operations? A) Cost Optimization B) Operational Excellence C) Performance Efficiency D) Reliability
B) Operational Excellence
160
What are the benefits of cloud computing? (Select TWO.) A) Increase speed and agility. B) Benefit from smaller economies of scale. C) Trade variable expense for upfront expense. D) Maintain infrastructure capacity. E) Stop spending money running and maintaining data centers.
A) Increase speed and agility. | E) Stop spending money running and maintaining data centers.
161
Which Perspective of the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework helps you structure the selection and implementation of permissions? A) Governance Perspective B) Security Perspective C) Operations Perspective D) Business Perspective
B) Security Perspective The Security Perspective of the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework also helps you to identify areas on non-compliance and plan ongoing security initiatives.
162
Which strategies are included in the six strategies for application migration? (Select TWO.) A) Revisiting B) Retaining C) Remembering D) Redeveloping E) Rehosting
B) Retaining | E) Rehosting
163
What is the storage capacity of AWS Snowmobile? A) 40 PB B) 60 PB C) 80 PB D) 100 PB
The correct response option is 100 PB. AWS Snowmobile is a service that is used for transferring up to 100 PB of data to AWS. Each Snowmobile is a 45-foot long shipping container that is pulled by a semi trailer truck.
164
Which statement best describes Amazon Lex? A) A service that enables you to build conversational interfaces using voice and text B) A machine learning service that automatically extracts text and data from scanned documents C) A document database service that supports MongoDB workloads D) A service that enables you to identify potentially fraudulent online activities
A) A service that enables you to build conversational interfaces using voice and text. Think Alexa
165
Which action can you perform with consolidated billing? A) Review how much cost your predicted AWS usage will incur by the end of the month. B) Create an estimate for the cost of your use cases on AWS. C) Combine usage across accounts to receive volume pricing discounts. D) Visualize and manage your AWS costs and usage over time.
C) Combine usage across accounts to receive volume pricing discounts.
166
Which pricing tool is used to visualize, understand, and manage your AWS costs and usage over time? A) AWS Pricing Calculator B) AWS Budgets C) AWS Cost Explorer D) AWS Free Tier
C) AWS Cost Explorer AWS Cost Explorer includes a default report of the costs and usage for your top five cost-accruing AWS services. You can apply custom filters and groups to analyze your data. For example, you can view resource usage at the hourly level.
167
Which pricing tool enables you to receive alerts when your service usage exceeds a threshold that you have defined? A) Billing dashboard in the AWS Management Console B) AWS Budgets C) AWS Free Tier D) AWS Cost Explorer
B) AWS Budgets In AWS Budgets, you can set custom alerts that will notify you when your service usage exceeds (or is forecasted to exceed) the amount that you have budgeted. Your budget can be based on costs or usage. For example, you can set an alert that will notify you when you have incurred $100.00 of costs in Amazon EC2 or 500,000 requests in AWS Lambda.
168
Your company wants to receive support from an AWS Technical Account Manager (TAM). Which support plan should you choose? A) Developer B) Enterprise C) Basic D) Business
B) Enterprise A Technical Account Manager (TAM) is available only to AWS customers with an Enterprise Support plan. A TAM provides guidance, architectural reviews, and ongoing communication with your company as you plan, deploy, and optimize your applications.
169
Which service or resource is used to find third-party software that runs on AWS? A) AWS Marketplace B) AWS Free Tier C) AWS Support D) Billing dashboard in the AWS Management Console
A) AWS Marketplace AWS Marketplace is a digital catalog that includes thousands of software listings from independent software vendors. You can use AWS Marketplace to find, test, and buy software that runs on AWS.
170
Which actions can you perform using Amazon CloudWatch? (Select TWO.) A) Monitor your resources’ utilization and performance B) Receive real-time guidance for improving your AWS environment C) Compare your infrastructure to AWS best practices in five categories D) Access metrics from a single dashboard E) Automatically detect unusual account activity
A) Monitor your resources’ utilization and performance | D) Access metrics from a single dashboard
171
Which service enables you to review the security of your Amazon S3 buckets by checking for open access permissions? A) Amazon CloudWatch B) AWS CloudTrail C) AWS Trusted Advisor D) Amazon GuardDuty
C) AWS Trusted Advisor AWS Trusted Advisor is a web service that inspects your AWS environment and provides real-time recommendations in accordance with AWS best practices. The inspection includes security checks, such as Amazon S3 buckets with open access permissions.
172
Which categories are included in the AWS Trusted Advisor dashboard? (Select TWO.) A) Reliability B) Performance C) Scalability D) Elasticity E) Fault tolerance
A) Reliability | E) Fault tolerance
173
Which statement best describes an IAM policy? A) An authentication process that provides an extra layer of protection for your AWS account B) A document that grants or denies permissions to AWS services and resources C) An identity that you can assume to gain temporary access to permissions D) The identity that is established when you first create an AWS account
B) A document that grants or denies permissions to AWS services and resources The correct response option is: A document that grants or denies permissions to AWS services and resources. IAM policies provide you with the flexibility to customize users’ levels of access to resources. For instance, you can allow users to access all the Amazon S3 buckets in your AWS account or only a specific bucket.
174
An employee requires temporary access to create several Amazon S3 buckets. Which option would be the best choice for this task? A) AWS account root user B) IAM group C) IAM role D) Service control policy (SCP)
C) IAM role An IAM role is an identity that you can assume to gain temporary access to permissions. When someone assumes an IAM role, they abandon all permissions that they had under a previous role and assume the permissions of the new role. IAM roles are ideal for situations in which access to services or resources needs to be granted temporarily instead of long-term.
175
Which statement best describes the principle of least privilege? A) Adding an IAM user into at least one IAM group B) Checking a packet’s permissions against an access control list C) Granting only the permissions that are needed to perform specific tasks D) Performing a denial of service attack that originates from at least one device
C) Granting only the permissions that are needed to perform specific tasks When you grant permissions by following the principle of least privilege, you prevent users or roles from having more permissions than needed to perform specific job tasks. For example, cashiers in the coffee shop should be given access to the cash register system. As a best practice, grant IAM users and roles a minimum set of permissions and then grant additional permissions as needed.
176
Which service helps protect your applications against distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks? A) Amazon GuardDuty B) Amazon Inspector C) AWS Artifact D) AWS Shield
D) AWS Shield As network traffic comes into your applications, AWS Shield uses a variety of analysis techniques to detect potential DDoS attacks in real time and automatically mitigates them.
177
Which task can AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) perform? A) Configure multi-factor authentication (MFA). B) Update the AWS account root user password. C) Create cryptographic keys. D) Assign permissions to users and groups.
C) Create cryptographic keys. AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) enables you to perform encryption operations through the use of cryptographic keys. A cryptographic key is a random string of digits used for locking (encrypting) and unlocking (decrypting) data. You can use AWS KMS to create, manage, and use cryptographic keys. You can also control the use of keys across a wide range of services and in your applications.
178
Which Amazon S3 storage classes are optimized for archival data? (Select TWO.) A) S3 Standard B) S3 Glacier C) S3 Intelligent-Tiering D) S3 Standard-IA E) S3 Glacier Deep Archive
B) S3 Glacier E) S3 Glacier Deep Archive Objects stored in the S3 Glacier storage class can be retrieved within a few minutes to a few hours. By comparison, objects that are stored in the S3 Glacier Deep Archive storage class can be retrieved within 12 hours.
179
Which statement or statements are TRUE about Amazon EBS volumes and Amazon EFS file systems? A) EBS volumes store data within a single Availability Zone. Amazon EFS file systems store data across multiple Availability Zones. B) EBS volumes store data across multiple Availability Zones. Amazon EFS file systems store data within a single Availability Zone. C) EBS volumes and Amazon EFS file systems both store data within a single Availability Zone. D)EBS volumes and Amazon EFS file systems both store data across multiple Availability Zones.
A) EBS volumes store data within a single Availability Zone. Amazon EFS file systems store data across multiple Availability Zones. An EBS volume must be located in the same Availability Zone as the Amazon EC2 instance to which it is attached. Data in an Amazon EFS file system can be accessed concurrently from all the Availability Zones in the Region where the file system is located.
180
You want to store data in an object storage service. Which AWS service is best for this type of storage? A) Amazon Managed Blockchain B) Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) C) Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) D) Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)
D) Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)
181
Which statement best describes Amazon DynamoDB? A) A service that enables you to run relational databases in the AWS Cloud B) A serverless key-value database service C) A service that you can use to migrate relational databases, nonrelational databases, and other types of data stores D) An enterprise-class relational database
B) A serverless key-value database service Amazon DynamoDB is a key-value database service. It is serverless, which means that you do not have to provision, patch, or manage servers.
182
Which service is used to query and analyze data across a data warehouse? A) Amazon Redshift B) Amazon Neptune C) Amazon DocumentDB D) Amazon ElastiCache
A) Amazon Redshift Amazon Redshift is a data warehousing service that you can use for big data analytics. Use Amazon Redshift to collect data from many sources and help you understand relationships and trends across your data.
183
Your company has an application that uses Amazon EC2 instances to run the customer-facing website and Amazon RDS database instances to store customers’ personal information. How should the developer configure the VPC according to best practices? A) Place the Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet and the Amazon RDS database instances in a public subnet. B) Place the Amazon EC2 instances in a public subnet and the Amazon RDS database instances in a private subnet. C) Place the Amazon EC2 instances and the Amazon RDS database instances in a public subnet. D) Place the Amazon EC2 instances and the Amazon RDS database instances in a private subnet.
B) Place the Amazon EC2 instances in a public subnet and the Amazon RDS database instances in a private subnet. A subnet is a section of a VPC in which you can group resources based on security or operational needs. Subnets can be public or private. Public subnets contain resources that need to be accessible by the public, such as an online store’s website. Private subnets contain resources that should be accessible only through your private network, such as a database that contains customers’ personal information and order histories.
184
Which component can be used to establish a private dedicated connection between your company’s data center and AWS? A) Private subnet B) DNS C) AWS Direct Connect D) Virtual private gateway
C) AWS Direct Connect
185
Which statement best describes security groups? A) They are stateful and deny all inbound traffic by default. B) They are stateful and allow all inbound traffic by default. C) They are stateless and deny all inbound traffic by default. D) They are stateless and allow all inbound traffic by default.
A) They are stateful and deny all inbound traffic by default. Security groups are stateful. This means that they use previous traffic patterns and flows when evaluating new requests for an instance. By default, security groups deny all inbound traffic, but you can add custom rules to fit your operational and security needs.
186
Which component is used to connect a VPC to the internet? A) Public subnet B) Edge location C) Security group D) Internet gateway
D) Internet gateway
187
Which service is used to manage the DNS records for domain names? A) Amazon Virtual Private Cloud B) AWS Direct Connect C) Amazon CloudFront D) Amazon Route 53
D) Amazon Route 53 Amazon Route 53 is a DNS web service. It gives developers and businesses a reliable way to route end users to internet applications that host in AWS. Another feature of Route 53 is the ability to manage the DNS records for domain names. You can transfer DNS records for existing domain names managed by other domain registrars. You can also register new domain names directly in Route 53.
188
Which statement is TRUE for the AWS global infrastructure? A) A Region consists of a single Availability Zone. B) An Availability Zone consists of two or more Regions. C) A Region consists of two or more Availability Zones. D) An Availability Zone consists of a single Region.
C) A Region consists of two or more Availability Zones. For example, the South America (São Paulo) Region is sa-east-1. It includes three Availability Zones: sa-east-1a, sa-east-1b, and sa-east-1c.
189
Which factors should be considered when selecting a Region? (Select TWO.) A) Compliance with data governance and legal requirements B) Proximity to your customers C) Access to 24/7 technical support D) Ability to assign custom permissions to different users E) Access to the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)
A) Compliance with data governance and legal requirements | B) Proximity to your customers
190
Which statement best describes Amazon CloudFront? A) A service that enables you to run infrastructure in a hybrid cloud approach B) A serverless compute engine for containers C) A service that enables you to send and receive messages between software components through a queue D) A global content delivery service
D) A global content delivery service Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery service. It uses a network of edge locations to cache content and deliver content to customers all over the world. When content is cached, it is stored locally as a copy. This content might be video files, photos, webpages, and so on.
191
Which site does Amazon CloudFront use to cache copies of content for faster delivery to users at any location? A) Region B) Availability Zone C) Edge location D)Origin
C) Edge location
192
Which action can you perform with AWS Outposts? A) Automate actions for AWS services and applications through scripts. B) Access wizards and automated workflows to perform tasks in AWS services. C) Develop AWS applications in supported programming languages. D) Extend AWS infrastructure and services to your on-premises data center.
D) Extend AWS infrastructure and services to your on-premises data center.
193
You want to use an Amazon EC2 instance for a batch processing workload. What would be the best Amazon EC2 instance type to use? A) General purpose B) Memory optimized C) Compute optimized D) Storage optimized
C) Compute optimized
194
What are the contract length options for Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances? (Select TWO.) ``` A) 1 year B) 2 years C) 3 years D) 4 years E) 5 years ```
A) 1 year C) 3 years Reserved Instances require a commitment of either 1 year or 3 years. The 3-year option offers a larger discount.
195
You have a workload that will run for a total of 6 months and can withstand interruptions. What would be the most cost-efficient Amazon EC2 purchasing option? A) Reserved Instance B) Spot Instance C) Dedicated Instance D) On-Demand Instance
B) Spot Instance
196
Which process is an example of Elastic Load Balancing? A) Ensuring that no single Amazon EC2 instance has to carry the full workload on its own B) Removing unneeded Amazon EC2 instances when demand is low C) Adding a second Amazon EC2 instance during an online store’s popular sale D) Automatically adjusting the number of Amazon EC2 instances to meet demand
A) Ensuring that no single Amazon EC2 instance has to carry the full workload on its own Elastic Load Balancing is the AWS service that automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple resources, such as Amazon EC2 instances. This helps to ensure that no single resource becomes overutilized.
197
You want to deploy and manage containerized applications. Which service should you use? A) AWS Lambda B) Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) C) Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) D) Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)
D) Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) Amazon EKS is a fully managed Kubernetes service. Kubernetes is open-source software that enables you to deploy and manage containerized applications at scale.
198
What is cloud computing? A) Backing up files that are stored on desktop and mobile devices to prevent data loss B) Deploying applications connected to on-premises infrastructure C) Running code without needing to manage or provision servers D) On-demand delivery of IT resources and applications through the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing
D) On-demand delivery of IT resources and applications through the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing
199
What is another name for on-premises deployment? A) Private cloud deployment B) Cloud-based application C) Hybrid deployment D) AWS Cloud
A) Private cloud deployment
200
How does the scale of cloud computing help you to save costs? A) You do not have to invest in technology resources before using them. B) The aggregated cloud usage from a large number of customers results in lower pay-as-you-go prices. C) Accessing services on-demand helps to prevent excess or limited capacity. D) You can quickly deploy applications to customers and provide them with low latency.
B) The aggregated cloud usage from a large number of customers results in lower pay-as-you-go prices. This answer describes how customers can benefit from massive economies of scale in cloud computing.

Aws Cloud Practitioner (1 decks)

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