Study Designs

Question 1

Which studies are useful for rare diseases?

Answer 1

Case-Control (traditional, case-cohort, nested) or Ecological study

Question 2

What studies are useful for rare exposures?

Answer 2

RCT, Prospective Cohort, Retrospective Cohort

Question 3

Which studies can investigate one or many exposures?

Answer 3

Prospective or Retrospective Cohort

Question 4

Which studies can investigate many exposures?

Answer 4

Case-Control (traditional, case-cohort, nested) or Cross-sectional (several usually), Ecological

Question 5

An RCT investigates _____ or ______ exposures

Answer 5

One or few

Question 6

Study that can investigate many diseases

Answer 6

RCT, Prospective or Retrospective Cohort, Cross-Sectional (usually several), Ecological

Question 7

Studies that usually investigate just one disease at a time

Answer 7

Case-Control (traditional, case-cohort, nested)

Question 8

Are the highest costing studies

Answer 8

RCT and Prospective Cohort

Question 9

Studies that have a low to medium cost

Answer 9

Retrospective Cohort

Question 10

Low cost studies

Answer 10

Case-Control (all types), Cross-Sectional, Ecologic

Question 11

Long time frame studies

Answer 11

Prospective Cohort

Question 12

Timeframe for these studies can be long or short

Answer 12

RCT

Question 13

Retrospective Cohort, Case-Control, Cross-sectional, and Ecologic studies generally have _______ time-frames

Answer 13

Short

Question 14

RCT, Prospective and Retrospective studies use _______ as primary measures of disease frequency

Answer 14

Cumulative Incidence/Incidence Density

Question 15

Traditional case-control studies use _______ as primary measures of disease frequency

Answer 15

Odds

Question 16

Case-cohort case-control studies use _______ as primary measures of disease frequency

Answer 16

Odds and cumulative Incidence

Question 17

Nested case-control studies use _______ as primary measures of disease frequency

Answer 17

Odds and Incidence Density

Question 18

Cross-sectional studies use _______ as primary measures of disease frequency

Answer 18

prevalence/Prevalence odds

Question 19

Ecologic studies use ________as primary measures of disease frequency

Answer 19

Incidence and Prevalence measures

Question 20

Primary measures of association: RCT

Answer 20

CIR; IDR; Attributable risk; Attributable rate

Question 21

Primary measures of association: Prospective or Retrospective Cohort

Answer 21

CIR; IDR; Attributable risk; Attributable rate

Question 22

Primary measures of association: Traditional Case-Control

Answer 22

Odds ratio (estimates the OR in base population; also estimates the CIR in the base pop if the disease is rare)

Question 23

Primary measures of association: Case-cohort Case-Control

Answer 23

Odds ratio (estimates the CIR in the base population)

Question 24

Primary measures of association: Nested Case-Control

Answer 24

Odds ratio (estimates IDR in the base population)

Question 25

Primary measures of association: Cross-sectional

Answer 25

Prevalence ratio; Prevalence difference; Prevalence odds ratio

Question 26

Primary measures of association: Ecologic

Answer 26

Ecologic correlation coefficient; IDR;