Study for PDBIO 305 Test 1

Question 1

Anatomy vs. Physiology

Answer 1

Anatomy – study of structure

Physiology – how anatomy/structure works

Question 2

Body’s Hierarchy from smallest-largest

Answer 2

Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ/Body System, Organism

Question 3

4 atoms that make up 96% of body

Answer 3

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 4

Cell functions

Answer 4

Obtain food/oxygen
Perform chemical reactions
Eliminate CO2 and Waste
Synthesize proteins and cell components
Control exchange of materials
Move materials
Respond to environmental changes
Reproduction

Question 5

Four Tissue Types

Answer 5

Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial, Connective

Question 6

Types of Muscle Tissue

Answer 6

Smooth, Skeletal, Cardiac

Question 7

What is Intrinsic Homeostasis

Answer 7

Inherent in an organ

Question 8

What is Extrinsic homeostasis

Answer 8

Outside the organ

Question 9

What are the three components of Negative Feedback?

Answer 9

Sensor, Control Center, Effector (ex. temp change)

Question 10

Name an example of Positive Feedback

Answer 10

Example: Oxytocin

Question 11

Put two or more monomers together by a…

Answer 11

Dehydration reaction

Question 12

Decomposition Reactions occur by…

Answer 12

Hydrolysis

Question 13

Carbs are used for?

Answer 13

Energy Source

Question 14

Types of lipids

Answer 14

Triglycerides (Neutral Fats), Phospholipids, Steriods

Question 15

Amino acids are the building blocks for…

Answer 15

proteins

Question 16

Ratio of Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen in Carbs

Answer 16

1:2:1

Question 17

What is the function of a polysaccharide

Answer 17

polymers used to store energy (i.e. glycogen or starch)

Question 18

What is the enzyme involved in DNA replication?

Answer 18

DNA Polymerase

Question 19

What is the enzyme involved in transcription?

Answer 19

RNA Polymerase

Question 20

What is the machine used in translation?

Answer 20

Ribosome

Question 21

Where does replication occur?

Answer 21

…

Question 22

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 22

…

Question 23

Where does translation occur?

Answer 23

…

Question 24

DNA three pair…

Answer 24

triplets

Question 25

mRNA three pair

Answer 25

codon

Question 26

tRNA three pair

Answer 26

anti-codon

Question 27

Function of SER

Answer 27

lipid synthesis

Question 28

Function of RER

Answer 28

protein synthesis

Question 29

Function of Golgi

Answer 29

protein packaging and finishing

Question 30

Function of Lysosome

Answer 30

breakdown of waste in isolation

Question 31

Function of Peroxisome

Answer 31

detoxification

Question 32

Function of cytoskeleton

Answer 32

Structure and support of the cell

Question 33

Function of mitochondria

Answer 33

Energy production

Question 34

In/Out Glycolysis

Answer 34

In: 1 glucose Out: 2 pyruvic acid, 2 ATP

Question 35

In/Out Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle

Answer 35

In: 2 acetyl CoA Out: 2 ATP, 4CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

Question 36

In/Out Electron Transport Chain

Answer 36

In: NADH and FADH2 Out: 32 ATP

Question 37

Buffer System Equation

Answer 37

CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 = HCO3- + H+

Question 38

What is Acidosis

Answer 38

...

Question 39

What is Alkalosis

Answer 39

...

Question 40

Which two organs regulate the Buffer System

Answer 40

Lungs, Kidneys

Question 41

Three Function of the Plasma Membrane

Answer 41

Structure, Barrier, Fluidity

Question 42

Four Types of 2nd Messangers

Answer 42

Cyclic AMP, DAG, IP2, Calcium Ions

Question 43

Three types of Gate Channels

Answer 43

Chemical, Electrical, Mechanical

Question 44

Factors that affect permeability

Answer 44

Concentration Gradient, Permeability, Surface Area, Molecular Weight, Distance of Diffusion

Question 45

K+ potential

Answer 45

High Concentration inside the cell. Reverse potential of -90 mV

Question 46

Does K+ or Na+ have more leak channels

Answer 46

K+

Question 47

Na+ potential

Answer 47

High Concentration outside the cell. Reversal potential of +60 mV

Question 48

Na+/K+ changes of atoms

Answer 48

3 Na+ out and 2 K+

Question 49

Charge of Membrane potential

Answer 49

-70 mV (because of K+ leak channels)