study guide

Question 1

cerebrum is split into L and R hemispheres by the

Answer 1

longitudinal fissure

Question 2

surface of the cerebrum is covered with a layer of ____ ____ called the ___ ___

Answer 2

gray matter, cerebral cortex

Question 3

cerebellum is split into L and R hemispheres by the

Answer 3

vermis

Question 4

outer gray matter of cerebellum

Answer 4

cerebellar cortex

Question 5

cerebellum is split into anterior and posterior lobes by the

Answer 5

primary fissure

Question 6

controls most basic life sustaining functions (HR, BP, Respirations, Sleep, Hunger, Thirst, Digestion)

Answer 6

brain stem

Question 7

Conscious thought and intelligence are produced in the _____ _____. We call these _____ _____ functions.

Answer 7

neural/cerebral cortex, high brain

Question 8

The _____ meninges are continuous with the ____ meninges.

Answer 8

cranial spinal

Question 9

major difference between the cranial and spinal menginges

Answer 9

no epidural space in cranial meninges

Question 10

blood accumulates in the subdural space of cranial meninges (very dangerous)

Answer 10

subdural hematoma

Question 11

space between periosteal layer and meningeal layer of the dura mater contains ________ _______ to drain blood from brain

Answer 11

venous sinuses

Question 12

only meninge layer entering into sulci of brain

Answer 12

pia mater

Question 13

formed when inner layer of dura mater extends into fissures. Acts as “seatbelt”

Answer 13

Dural folds

Question 14

Dural fold between cerebral hemispheres

Answer 14

falx cerebri

Question 15

Dural folds between cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 15

falx cerebelli

Question 16

Dural fold separating cerebrum and cerebellum

Answer 16

tentorium cerebelli

Question 17

glial cells lining ventricles (choroid plexus) and central canal

Answer 17

ependymal cells

Question 18

cells lining blood vessels

Answer 18

endothelial cells

Question 19

CSF cushions the brain, decreasing its “___ ___” weight

Answer 19

feels-like

Question 20

In the ventricles, blood is filtered through vessels in the choroid plexus and across the

Answer 20

ependyma

Question 21

choroid plexus membrane is made of these cells which controls composition of CSF secreted into ventricles by ependyma

Answer 21

ependymal cells

Question 22

CSF flows through the ventricles and central canal, and it bathes the outer surface of the brain as it flows through the _____________ space

Answer 22

subarachnoid

Question 23

CSF is reabsorbed through ____ ____ into Dural venous sinuses (where the CSF enters the blood supply)

Answer 23

arachnoid granulations

Question 24

CSF flows through ventricles and then out through tiny holes called ______ (CSF then bathes external surface of brain).

Answer 24

apertures

Question 25

abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain (can lead to neural tissue damage)

Answer 25

hydrocephalus

Question 26

Constant blood supply to brain is needed. Neural tissue depends almost entirely on ___________ and __________ to make ATP. ____ ___ is needed at all times.

Answer 26

glucose, oxygen, Blood flow

Question 27

interruption of blood flow to brain (stroke)

Answer 27

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Question 28

CVA where blood flow is stopped by a clot

Answer 28

thrombolytic stroke

Question 29

CVA where blood flow is restricted by ruptured vessel

Answer 29

hemorrhagic stroke

Question 30

stroke in L cerebral hemisphere would cause symptoms to appear on the _____ side of the body due to _____ _____.

Answer 30

right, hemispheric lateralization

Question 31

What is the purpose of the blood brain barrier?

Answer 31

isolates the neural tissue (from the blood that goes through general circulation)

Question 32

The BBB is formed by ______________ ____________ between ____________ cells. (these cells are cells that line____________ ______________).

Answer 32

tight junctions, endothelial, blood vessels

Question 33

glial cells responsible for controlling and maintaining the blood brain barrier (enclose vessels with their processes and induce the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells)

Answer 33

astrocytes

Question 34

Why do we not maintain a blood brain barrier in the vessels surrounding the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland?

Answer 34

they secrete hormones (into circulation)

Question 35

Blood CSF barrier: Formed by tight junctions between _____________ cells that surround the capillaries of the ____________ _________.

Answer 35

ependymal cells, choroid plexus

Question 36

The ____ links the cerebrum with the rest of the brain stem.

Answer 36

diencephalon

Question 37

called the “gatekeeper” for the cerebrum

Answer 37

thalamus

Question 38

integral in thermoregulation because it sets the body’s hypothalamic set point

Answer 38

hypothalamus

Question 39

Blinking and pupil dilation/constriction are controlled by what part of the brainstem?

Answer 39

midbrain

Question 40

If you hear a loud noise or see something in your peripheral vision, you turn your head towards the sound or object. What part of the brain stem controls this reflex?

Answer 40

midbrain

Question 41

connects the cerebellum to the brainstem

Answer 41

pons

Question 42

apneustic and pneumotaxic centers are located in the ____. Their function is to modify the activity of the ________ _________ center.

Answer 42

pons, respiratory rhythmicity

Question 43

contains the cardiac center, vasomotor center, and respiratory rhythmicity center

Answer 43

medulla oblongata

Question 44

large, branches cells that make up the cerebellar cortex

Answer 44

Purkinje cells

Question 45

major function of the cerebellum is to coordinate _______________ body movements

Answer 45

repetitive

Question 46

The cerebellum monitors and compares what our _________ is with our _____________, allowing us to perfect learned movements.

Answer 46

intent, performance

Question 47

aka emotional brain

Answer 47

limbic system

Question 48

Establish emotional states and decide how we show emotions. Provide motivational drives via the gratification center and aversion center. Facilitate memory storage and retrieval.

Answer 48

limbic system functions

Question 49

“fast learner” that can organize memories as they occur. not for long term memory storage

Answer 49

hippocampus

Question 50

“slow learner” that requires memories to be “uploaded” numerous times before the memory is stored. used for long term

Answer 50

cerebral cortex

Question 51

can't develope new memories

Answer 51

anterograde amnesia

Question 52

can't remember past memories

Answer 52

retrograde anmesia

Question 53

Controls conscience thought and intellectual functions, processes incoming sensory info, sends outgoing voluntary motor commands

Answer 53

cerebral cortex

Question 54

Each cerebral hemisphere receives sensory information from, and sends motor commands to, the opposite side of the body

Answer 54

hemispheric lateralization

Question 55

____ fibers are white matter connections within one hemisphere

Answer 55

Association

Question 56

shorter association fibers going from neighboring gyri

Answer 56

arcuate fibers

Question 57

longer association fibers going from one lobe to another (within same hemisphere)

Answer 57

longitudinal fasciculi

Question 58

______ fibers are white matter connections between both hemispheres

Answer 58

commissural

Question 59

primary commissural fiber

Answer 59

corpus callosum

Question 60

fibers connecting the cerebrum with lower area of the brain and brain stem

Answer 60

projection

Question 61

where our personality is established, where we decide how to behave, and plan and execute behaviors

Answer 61

prefrontal cortex

Question 62

orbitofrontal cortex is an association area for both __________ and ____________

Answer 62

smell and taste

Question 63

General Interpretive Area or ____________ area receives information from all sensory association areas and allows us to coordinate access to complex visual and auditory memories

Answer 63

Wernicke's

Question 64

motor speech center or ________ area is where we coordinate complex vocalization functions (speech)

Answer 64

Broca's