Study Guide Flashcards
(400 cards)
1
Q
What are the Minimum Program Requirements (MPR) for a LEED project?
A
- Must be in a permanent location
on existing land - Must use a reasonable site
boundary - Must comply with the project
size requirements
2
Q
What is ASHRAE 62.1 related to?
A
ASHRAE 62.1 is related to ventilation, controlling air
contaminant levels, humidity, and temperature within a space.
3
Q
What is ASHRAE 55 related to?
A
ASHRAE 55 is related to the comfort criteria of specific design conditions that take into account temperature, humidity, air speed, outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, seasonal clothing, and expected activity. These all relate to occupant
thermal comfort.
4
Q
What is ASHRAE 90.1 related to?
A
ASHRAE 90.1 relates to HVAC systems. HVAC systems are defined as: equipment, distribution systems, and terminals that provide the processes of heating, ventilating, or air-conditioning.
5
Q
What does ASHRAE stand for?
A
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers
6
Q
What ASHRAE standards would be used for the
Energy and Atmosphere category?
A
ASHRAE 90.1
7
Q
What ASHRAE standards would be used for the Indoor Environmental Quality category?
A
ASHRAE 62.1 is related to ventilation and ASHRAE 55 is related to the thermal comfort criteria of occupants
8
Q
What standard addresses the thermal comfort of building occupants?
A
ASHRAE 55
9
Q
What LEED category would SMACNA standards be
used for?
A
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
10
Q
What LEED category would the Green-e standard be used for?
A
Energy and Atmosphere (EA)
11
Q
What LEED categories contain standards related to
VOC emissions?
A
Materials & Resources (MR) and Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
12
Q
What is a MERV rating?
A
Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV). MERV ratings are used to rate the ability of an air conditioning filter to remove dust from the air as it passes through the filter. MERV ratings range from 1 (least efficient) - 16 (most efficient)
13
Q
What is the EPAct of 1992?
A
The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992) covers many products and services related to energy. It also sets standards for toilets and other water fixtures in both commercial and residential models.
14
Q
What is ISO 14021?
A
The ISO 14021 series standards, Environmental Labels and Declaration, are communication tools that convey information on environmental aspects of a product or service to the market. This standard is used for recycled materials to label their pre and/or post-consumer content.
15
Q
What is IESNA?
A
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. Publisher of lighting design and illumination standards.
16
Q
What is Green-e?
A
Green-e is a program established to promote green
electricity products and provide consumers with a nationally recognized method to identify those products.
17
Q
What does an ENERGY STAR rating refer to?
A
The ENERGY STAR rating is a measure of a building’s energy performance compared with that of similar buildings, as determined by ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager. A score of 50 represents average building performance.
18
Q
What does Certification by FOREST STEWARDSHIP
COUNCIL mean?
A
Certification means forest managers have adopted
environmentally and socially responsible forest management practices. And certification allows companies to manufacture and sell products made from sustainable wood.
19
Q
What is Chain-of-Custody (CoC) Certification?
A
Chain of Custody refers to chronological documentation or paper trail. CoC is important in
LEED when dealing with certified wood. Companies
that process, manufacture, and/or sell products
made of certified wood can earn CoC certification by
having an audit done of their documentation. This
certification shows the FSC that the name and logo
are being used correctly.
20
Q
What are CREDIT INTERPRETATION RULINGS (CIR)?
A
They are designed for technical and administrative
guidance for MPR, Prerequisites, and Credits.
They may be submitted any time after the project is
registered and must be completed using LEED
Online. Do not write as a letter. Include only the
inquiry and essential information. CIRs can contain
maximum 600 words. The CIR may NOT include
attachments, cut-sheets, plans or drawings.
21
Q
CIRs can be used for what purpose(s)?
A
CIRs are use to ask one clear and concise question for
technical and administrative guidance on MPRs,
Prerequisites, or Credits.
22
Q
For multiple building developments who
determines the LEED PROJECT BOUNDARY?
A
The project team.
23
Q
What is LEED Online?
A
LEED online is the primary resource for managing the
LEED documentation process.
24
Q
What are some of the features of LEED Online?
A
Through LEED Online, project teams can manage project details, complete documentation requirements for LEED credits and prerequisites, upload supporting files, submit applications for review, receive reviewer feedback, and ultimately earn LEED certification
25
What is the purpose of a LEED SCORECARD?
The LEED Scorecard is to assist in determining the
Total Project Score and achievable Credits at the
inception of a LEED Project.
26
Where can the LEED Score Card be found?
USGBC's website
27
What are the LEED Reference Guides used for?
A user's manual that guides a LEED project from registration to certification of the design and construction of a project.
28
What do the LEED Reference Guides contain?
Strategies, case studies, and documentation requirements for each credit and prerequisite in a rating system.
29
Who can access LEED Online?
Anyone assigned to a project by the project administrator
30
What general documentation must be submitted for LEED certification?
Project narrative
1) Project photos/drawings
2) Typical floor plans
3) Elevations
31
What organization is responsible for LEED project registration?
Green Business Certification Inc. (GBCI)
32
What is a LEED intent?
Identifies the main sustainability goal or benefit of the prerequisite or credit. (USGBC)
33
What does a PREREQUISITE represent?
A prerequisite represents the key criteria that define green building performance. They must be completed for a project to earn certification.
34
Why do projects need to meet prerequisites?
Prerequisites represent the key criteria that define green building performance.
35
How many CERTIFICATION LEVELS are available to a
LEED project?
4
36
What are the different certification levels LEED projects can earn?
- Certified
- Silver
- Gold
- Platinum
37
How are CIRs submitted?
Credit interpretation requests must be submitted through LEED Online.
38
What are the amount of points a credit can earn
(credit weighting) based on?
How well the credit address environmental and health
concerns.
39
What is environmental sustainability?
Long-term maintenance of ecosystem components and functions for future generations. (EPA)
40
What is considered a construction HARD COST?
Construction hard cost are considered to be CSI
MasterFormat 2004 Edition Divisions 03-10, 31 (Section 31.60.00 Foundations) and 32 (Sections 32.10.00 Paving, 32.30.00 Site Improvements, and
32.90.00 Planting
41
What is a construction hard cost?
By far the largest portion of the expenses in a construction budget, the hard costs are mostly comprised of the actual construction costs incurred to
build the project. Examples of hard costs include masonry, wood, steel, carpet, tile, mechanical systems, roofing.
42
What are some examples of construction hard costs?
Cement, steel, drywall, wood, land
43
What are CONSTRUCTION SOFT COSTS?
Soft costs are expense items that are not considered direct construction costs such as legal fees and building permitting.
44
What is meant by LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT?
A Life-Cycle assessment is an analysis of the environment aspects and potential impacts associated with a product, process, or service.
45
What are some examples of construction SOFT COSTS?
Examples include architectural, engineering, financing, and legal fees.
46
What factors dictate how much a project's CERTIFICATION fees will cost?
The rating system in which the project is registered under, the size of the project in square feet, and the date in which the project was registered.
47
LEED promotes what type of approach to sustainability?
A whole building approach
48
What has USGBC adapted to establish metrics and rating systems to measure building performance?
Triple bottom line
49
When can a LEED project be eligible to display the LEED plaque and other marketing material?
LEED projects are eligible following the acceptance of a final certification review.
50
What does each category in the LEED rating system consist of?
Prerequisites and credits
51
What are the names of the LEED Rating Systems?
- Building Design and Construction (BD+C)
- Interior Design and Construction (ID+C)
- Operations and Maintenance (O+M)
- Neighborhood Development (ND)
- Homes
52
What is LEED?
An internationally recognized green building certification system, providing third-party verification that a building or community was designed and built using strategies aimed at improving performance across all the metrics that matter most: energy savings, water efficiency, CO2 emissions reduction, improved indoor environmental quality, and stewardship of resources and sensitivity to their impacts. (USGBC)
53
What does LEED stand for?
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System
54
What parts of the LEED rating system are optional?
Credits are optional, prerequisites are required
55
How is LEED developed?
LEED Rating Systems are developed through an open, consensus-based process led by LEED volunteer committees.
56
What is the total number of points available a LEED project can earn?
110 possible points
57
What are the different point/certification levels for LEED certification?
- Certified, 40-49 points
- Silver, 50-59 points
- Gold, 60-79 points
- Platinum, 80+ points
58
What is SMACNA used for?
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractor's National Association (SMACNA) guidelines play a key role in construction activity pollution prevention. The standard provides an overview of air pollutants associated with construction, control measures, construction process management, quality control, among other things.
59
What is Green Seal used for?
Green Seal is an independent nonprofit organization that
identifies and promotes products that are environmentally preferable. Several of its standards measure VOC limits in products.
60
What types of products are related to the Green Seal standard?
Paints and primers
61
What LEED credit category has credits that reference the Green Seal standard?
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
62
What are LEED credit templates?
The documentation forms used to prove the requirements of a prerequisite or credit have been met. These will be filled out in LEED Online.
63
What is a PRELIMINARY RATING?
The target score the project team will attempt to achieve. The final score, based on the number of points awarded, may be more or less than the preliminary rating.
64
Can a project earn MULTIPLE CERTIFICATIONS?
Yes. Projects can earn more than one LEED certification
depending on the Rating Systems.
65
What are some ways the TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE is referred to?
1. Ecology, environment, economics
2. People, profit, planet
3. Economics, ecology, social equity
66
What is the triple bottom line?
A change from being primarily financially driven to considering economics, environment, and social responsibility
67
What is a LEED CREDIT?
Part of the LEED Rating System. Projects earn points by meeting the requirements of credits in order to achieve building certification.
68
What CREDIT CATEGORIES are shared among most LEED rating systems?
Location and Transportation, Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality, Innovation
69
What is a GREEN SCORE?
A green score measures the 'greenness' of an automobile.
70
What is the highest LEED CERTIFICATION LEVEL?
Platinum
71
What is a LEED category?
A subset of the LEED Rating System. Each rating system has several green building categories.
72
What is a CIR?
A CIR is a credit interpretation ruling and is a process for project applicants seeking technical and administrative guidance on how LEED credits apply to their projects and vice versa.
73
What is USGBC?
A non-profit trade organization that promotes sustainability in how buildings are designed, built, and operated
74
What does SUSTAINABILITY mean?
Sustainability is meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
75
Who develops LEED?
Volunteer committees
76
What types of projects would LEED BD+C be used for?
New construction and major renovations.
77
What types of projects would LEED ID+C be used for?
Interior fit-outs.
78
What types of projects would LEED BD+C: Core & Shell be used for?
For designers, builders, developers and new building owners who want to address sustainable design for new core and shell construction. Covers base building elements such as structure, envelope and the HVAC system.
79
What types of projects would LEED for Homes be used for?
High-performance green homes.
80
What types of projects would LEED O+M be used for?
Existing buildings that are undergoing improvement work or little to no construction.
81
What types of projects would LEED for Neighborhood Development be used for?
New land development projects or redevelopment projects containing residential uses, nonresidential uses, or a mix.
82
What types of projects would LEED BD+C: Schools be used for?
The design and construction of K-12 schools. Based on the LEED for New Construction rating system, it addresses issues such as classroom acoustics, master planning, mold prevention and environmental site assessment.
83
What types of projects would LEED BD+C: Retail be used for?
The different types of spaces that retailers need for their distinctive product lines.
84
What types of projects would LEED BD+C: Healthcare be used for?
Sustainable planning, design and construction for high-performance healthcare facilities.
85
True or False: Can a product earn LEED certification?
FALSE
86
What LEED category can earn points for low-emitting materials?
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
87
What is life cycle costing?
Life cycle costing evaluates a product's economic performance.
88
What is life cycle assessment?
The investigation and valuation of the environmental impacts of a given product or service caused or necessitated by its existence.
89
When should life cycle assessment be used?
When considering the product's long-term environmental impact over the product's lifetime.
90
Why should you use life cycle costing?
When there exists project alternatives that fulfill the same performance requirements, but differ with respect to initial costs and operating costs. The comparison can help maximize net savings.
91
True or False: LEED projects are more expensive than traditional projects
FALSE. Generally this is false, but sometimes they cost more or less depending on the situation. This point is often argued among the building community.
92
True or False: Using an integrative process takes longer than traditional projects
FALSE
93
What is value engineering?
Analysis of the requirements of a project for the purpose of achieving the essential functions at the lowest total costs
94
What is pervious pavement used for?
Pervious pavement is used to reduce runoff by allowing runoff to filter through the pervious material.
95
What is SOLAR REFLECTANCE?
It is a measure of the ability of a surface material to reflect sunlight in forms of visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths, which is measured on a scale of 0 to 1. Black paint has an albedo of 0 and white paint has an albedo of 1.
96
What is HEAT ISLAND effect?
The heat island effect is a situation where the absorption of heat by hardscapes, buildings and dark materials then radiates to surrounding areas. The term describes the event where radiant air and surface temperatures in urban areas are higher than rural or suburban areas nearby.
97
What can cause the heat island effect?
- Dark surfaces that absorb heat (black roofs, asphalt)
- Vehicle exhaust
- Air-conditioners
- Reduced airflow from tall buildings and narrow streets
98
What is SOLAR REFLECTANCE INDEX (SRI)?
A measure of the constructed surface’s ability to stay cool in the sun by reflecting solar radiation and emitting thermal radiation. It is defined such that a standard black surface (initial solar reflectance 0.05, initial thermal emittance 0.90) has an initial SRI of 0, and a standard white surface (initial solar reflectance 0.80, initial thermal emittance 0.90) has an initial SRI of 100.
99
What are the benefits of reducing heat islands?
Reducing heat islands reduces air temperatures which would reduce the need to cool that air in buildings. Thus energy consumption is lowered.
100
What are some types of DIVERSE USES?
Bank, Place of Worship, Convenience Grocery, Day Care Center, Cleaners, Fire Station, Beauty Salon, Hardware, Laundry, Library, Medical or Dental Office, Senior Care Facility, Park, Pharmacy, Post Office, Restaurant, School, Supermarket, Theater, Community
101
What are some ways to reduce automobile parking?
- Select a site near mass transit
- Promote carpooling
- Install less parking
- Install bicycle racks
102
What is a BROWNFIELD?
Real property whose use may be complicated by the presence or possible presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant.
103
What do reflective materials help with?
Reducing the heat island effect.
104
What are ways to reduce single passenger vehicles traveling to a project site?
Locate the site near mass transit, promote carpooling, reduce parking spaces, install bicycle racks
105
What does PREFERRED PARKING refer to?
Preferred parking refers to the parking spots that are closest to the main entrance of the project (exclusive of spaces designated for handicapped persons) or parking passes provided at a discounted price.
106
What term defines paving systems that are open and allow moisture to soak into the ground below?
Pervious. There are many types of pervious paving systems.
107
What minimum Green Score is required by LEED for a vehicle to qualify as a green vehicle?
A minimum Green Score of 45 is required on the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) annual vehicle
rating guide.
108
What do IMPERVIOUS surfaces promote?
It promotes water runoff instead of infiltration into the subsurface. This term
is mostly used when discussing hardscape surfaces.
109
By what amount can HEAT
ISLANDS elevate temperatures in an urban area?
10 degrees F or more
110
Heat islands impact what LEED category(s)?
Sustainable Sites (SS) and Energy and Atmosphere (EA). Heat islands increase temperatures resulting in the need for more air conditioning (and more energy to cool the air).
111
What STRATEGIES are employed to reduce the HEAT ISLANDS?
Strategies include using materials with higher solar reflectance properties in the
site design, provide shaded areas, and reduce hardscape surfaces and installing vegetated roofs.
112
What generally defines OPEN SPACE area?
Local zoning requirements
113
What does the BUILDING FOOTPRINT consist of?
The area on a project site used by the building structure and defined by the perimeter of the building plan.
114
What is light pollution?
Waste light from building sites that produces glare, is directed upward to the sky, or is directed off the site. Waste light does not increase nighttime safety, utility, or security and needlessly consumes energy
115
What is a benefit of locating a project near mass transit?
Reduced automobile use which reduces automobile emissions.
116
What is a GREENFIELD site?
A site not previously developed or graded that could support open space, habitat, or agriculture.
117
What are examples of IMPERVIOUS surfaces?
Parking lots, roads, sidewalks, and plazas.
118
How is development density calculated?
By drawing a radius from the project building
119
What is the purpose of locating a project in an area with DIVERSE USES?
Locating near diverse uses promotes walking which helps to limit urban sprawl and reduces automobile use.
120
What is a DIVERSE USE?
A distinct, officially recognized business,
nonprofit, civic, religious, or governmental organization, or dwelling units (residential use) or offices (commercial office use). It has a stationary postal address and is publicly available. It does not include automated facilities such as ATMs, vending machines, and touchscreens.
121
How are diverse uses identified for a project?
By walking distance from the project site.
122
What helps reduce the heat island effect?
- Light-colored paving materials
- Green roofs
- Cool roofs
- Shading
- Underground parking
123
What is PEDESTRIAN ACCESS?
Pedestrian access allows pedestrians to walk between areas without interference from walls, highways or other barriers.
124
What is a PREVIOUSLY DEVELOPED site?
A site that was previously built on, has been graded, or contained a parking lot, roadway, or other structure.
125
What is the DEVELOPMENT FOOTPRINT?
The development footprint includes all areas of a site affected by the development or project site activity. Include hardscapes, parking lots, access roads, non-building facilities and the building itself.
126
What is an ALTERNATIVE fuel vehicle?
An alternative fueled vehicle uses low-polluting, nongasoline fuels such as electricity, hydrogen, propane, compressed natural gas, liquid natural gas, methanol, and ethanol
127
What are some examples of mass transit?
- Buses
- Ferries
- Rail lines
- Shuttles
128
What is OPEN SPACE?
Open space is undeveloped land, but it differs from greenfield sites since open space could have been developed in the past and
restored to an undeveloped state.
129
What is a FULL-TIME
EQUIVALENT (FTE)?
An FTE is a regular building occupant who spends 40 hours per week in the project building. Part-time or overtime occupants have FTE values based on their hours per week divided by 40. Multiple shifts are included
or excluded depending on the intent and requirements of the credit.
130
How can potable water use be reduced for irrigation?
- Use graywater or rainwater for watering
- Use drip irrigation
- Install native and adaptive
plants
131
What two measurements are used to calculate a percent reduction in water use?
A baseline design case and
an installed design case
132
What are transient occupants?
Building visitors and other part-time or occasional occupants, such as students, volunteers,
visitors, etc.
133
What variables are used in
determining FTE calculations?
The type of building occupant (full-time, part-time, transient) and the hours worked per week.
134
What does runoff contribute to?
Soil erosion and sedimentation of local waterways
135
HARVESTED RAINWATER
can be substituted for what
types of potable water use?
Landscape irrigation, fire suppression, toilet and urinal flushing, and custodial uses.
136
What does a VEGETATED roof consist of?
Vegetation, growing medium, filter fabric, drainage, and a waterproof membrane.
137
What does GPF stand for?
Gallons per Flush. The unit of measurement for flush fixtures (urinals, water closets)
138
What is a bioswale?
Landscape elements designed to remove silt and pollution from surface runoff water. They consist of a swaled drainage course with gently sloped sides and filled with vegetation, compost and/or riprap.
139
What does GPM stand for?
Gallons per Minute. The unit of
measurement for flow fixtures (faucets, showers)
140
What is sedimentation?
When runoff deposits sediment
into water ways, leading to a decline in water quality by blocking sunlight.
141
What is graywater?
Domestic wastewater composed of wash water from kitchen, bathroom, and laundry sinks, tubs, and washers. (EPA)
142
What codes define GRAYWATER?
Local and state authorities along with the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) in its Appendix G, Gray Water Systems for Single-Family
Dwellings & The International Plumbing Code (IPC) Appendix
C, Gray Water Recycling Systems.
143
Irrigation impacts what LEED categories?
Water Efficiency (WE) and Energy
and Atmosphere (EA)
144
What is BLACKWATER?
Blackwater is wastewater from toilets and urinals. Wastewater from kitchen sinks (perhaps
differentiated by the use of a garbage disposal), showers, or bathtubs is considered blackwater under some state or local codes.
145
What is XERISCAPING?
Xeriscaping is a landscaping method that makes routine irrigation unnecessary. It uses drought-adaptive and low-water plants as well as soil amendments such as compost and mulches to reduce evaporation.
146
Water-saving fixtures can reduce water use in a project by what amount?
30% (USGBC)
147
What is DRIP IRRIGATION?
Drip irrigation delivers water at low pressure through buried mains and
sub-mains. Water is distributed to the soil through a network of perforated tubes or emitters. Drip irrigation is much more efficient than traditional sprinkler systems.
148
What are NOXIOUS weeds?
They are an invasive species of plants that inhibit the cultivation and growth of local native or adaptive plants.
149
What are NATIVE or INDIGENOUS plants?
They are adapted to a given area during a defined time period and are not invasive. In North America, the term often refers to plants growing in a region prior to the time of settlement by people of European descent.
150
What are considered INVASIVE plants?
They are nonnative to the ecosystem and likely to cause harm once introduced. These species are characteristically adaptable and aggressive, have a high reproductive capacity, and tend to overrun the ecosystems they enter. Collectively, they are among the greatest threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability.
151
What is the definition of POTABLE WATER?
Potable water meets or exceeds EPA's drinking water quality standards and is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; it may be supplied from wells or municipal water systems.
152
What are some uses of NONPOTABLE water?
Landscape irrigation, toilet and urinal flushing, custodial purposes, and building
systems.
153
What are some of the benefits of VEGETATED ROOFS?
They reduce the heat island effect, retain runoff, offer insulating benefits, are aesthetically pleasing, have longer lives and are less maintenance than conventional roofs.
154
What would you use the EPAct of 1992 for?
Measuring the baseline case water use for the Water Efficiency credits.
155
What are some examples of GRAYWATER?
Water from bathtubs, showers, bathroom wash basins, water from clothes-washer and laundry tubs. Some cases allow for kitchen sinks depending on state
and local authorities.
156
Reductions in potable water consumption from water efficient landscaping are attributed to what techniques?
Choosing the correct plant species, density and microclimate factors, irrigation efficiency, use of captured rainwater, use of recycled wastewater, use of water treated and conveyed by a public agency specifically for nonpotable uses or absolutely no potable water use.
157
What are some ways to capture rainwater to prevent runoff?
- Rain gardens
- Green roofs
- Retention pond
- Bioretention pond
158
What factors are used to establish a baseline water demand when calculating for water efficiency in commercial or residential applications?
Calculations are based on estimated occupancy usage and must include only the following fixtures and fixture fittings (as applicable to the project scope): water closets, urinals, lavatory faucets, showers, kitchen sink faucets and pre-rinse spray valves.
159
In LEED, Water Efficiency addresses what environmental concerns for building use and disposal?
Monitoring water consumption performance, reduction in indoor potable water consumption, reduction in water consumption to save energy and improve environmental well-being, and practice water-efficient landscaping.
160
PROCESS WATER is used for what purpose?
Process water is used for industrial processes such as cooling towers, boilers, and chillers. The term can also refer to water used in operational processes, such as dishwashing, clothes washing, and ice making.
161
What is an AQUIFER?
An aquifer is an underground water-bearing rock formation or group of formations that supply groundwater, wells, or springs.
162
Low-flow fixtures use less water than what standard?
EPAct 1992
163
What are some examples of applications that use AUTOMATIC FIXTURE SENSORS?
Lavatories, sinks, water closets, and urinals.
164
Wastewater from toilets is what type of water?
Blackwater
165
Wastewater from kitchen sinks is what type of water?
Blackwater
166
Wastewater from faucets is what type of water?
Graywater
167
What is WaterSense?
WaterSense is a partnership program sponsored by the EPA, helping consumers identify water-efficient products and programs.
168
What type of water is DRINKING WATER?
Potable water
169
What are native plants?
Plants that are adapted to local conditions and are easier to grow and maintain. This low-maintenance approach means savings in both time and money. Once established, native plants better withstand variations in local climate such as droughts and freezes.
170
What are adaptive plants?
Non-native plants that use less fertilizer, pesticides and water in a given landscape. These plants have adapted to the local climate and are not considered
invasive plants or weeds.
171
What is irrigation efficiency?
The percentage of water delivered by irrigation equipment that is actually used for irrigation and does not evaporate, blow away, or fall on hardscape. (USGBC). Drip irrigation has an efficiency of 90% while conventional overhead sprinklers have
an efficiency of 65%.
172
What is the baseline flow rate of a faucet?
2.2 gpm (gallons per minute)
173
What is the baseline flush rate of a urinal?
1.0 gpf (gallons per flush)
174
What is the baseline flush rate of a water closet?
1.6 gpf (gallons per flush)
175
How much water does a waterless urinal consume?
None
176
What type of water is municipally supplied reclaimed/recycled water?
Nonpotable water
177
The water use of a faucet is measured using what units?
Gallons per Minute (gpm)
178
The water use of a water closet is measured in what units?
Gallons per Flush (gpf)
179
What are the benefits of NATIVE PLANTS?
Native plants require less water, less maintenance, less fertilizer, and are
more pest resistant.
180
What is RECLAIMED WATER?
Reclaimed water is water that has been treated for reuse.
181
What types of plants does LEED recommended using in landscape design?
Native and/or adaptive plants.
182
What is HARVESTED RAINWATER?
Harvested rainwater is rainwater that has been collected for uses such as landscaping irrigation, toilet flushing, or other non-potable water uses.
183
What are some types of flow fixtures?
- Showerhead
- Spray valve
- Lavatory faucet
184
What are some types of flushing fixtures?
- Urinal
- Water closet (toilet)
185
What is the baseline water demand of a building?
The estimated occupant usage of a project's fixtures and fittings using the flush and flow rates from the EPAct 1992 standard
186
What standard is used to determine the baseline water demand of a building?
EPAct 1992
187
What standard defines green power?
Green-e
188
What are CFCs?
CFC stands for Chlorofluorocarbon. This is a type of hydrocarbon that is used in most types of refrigerants for building applications such as centrifugal chillers, refrigerators, and humidifiers. Most applications were installed prior to ozone concerns.
189
What types of systems use CFCs?
-Centrifugal chillers
-Refrigerators
-Humidifiers
190
What are alternatives to using refrigeration with CFCs?
- Natural ventilation
- Refrigerants with lower ODP and GWP
- Natural refrigerants
191
What does GWP stand for?
Global Warming Potential
192
What is lighting power density?
Installed lighting power per unit area
193
What category does lighting power density have the greatest impact on?
Energy and Atmosphere (EA). Reducing the lighting power density reduces energy use.
194
What does ODP stand for?
Ozone Depletion Potential
195
What is a BASELINE BUILDING PERFORMANCE?
ASHRAE 90.1 defines minimum standards of design. A building's baseline building performance would be the annual energy cost for a building designed to those minimum standards.
196
What is natural ventilation?
Natural ventilation uses the natural forces of wind and buoyancy to deliver fresh
air into buildings.
197
What is daylighting?
The practice of placing windows, or other
transparent media, and reflective surfaces so that, during the day, natural light provides effective internal illumination.
198
What standard applies to natural ventilation?
ASHRAE 62.1
199
What type of impact do HFCs have on the ozone layer?
HFCs have a low impact on the ozone layer but many HFCs have a high Global Warming Potential (GWP)
200
What is free energy?
Energy with low/no-cost that comes as a result of building design. Examples include daylighting, natural ventilation, or onsite solar power/wind energy.
201
What is Global Warming Potential as it relates to refrigerants?
A measurement of how much effect the given refrigerant will have on global warming in relation to carbon dioxide, where CO2 has a GWP of 1. This is usually measured over a 100-year period. In this case, the lower the value of GWP the better the refrigerator.
202
What is Ozone Depletion Potential as it relates to refrigerants?
The potential for a single molecule of the refrigerant to destroy the Ozone Layer. The
less the value of the ODP the better the refrigerant is for the ozone layer and therefore the environment.
203
Is it better for a refrigerant to have a higher or lower ODP and GWP?
Lower
204
What is fundamental refrigerant management?
A minimum threshold for refrigerant selection. LEED requires zero use of CFC- based refrigerants in new-based building HVAC&R systems.
205
What is the intent of fundamental
refrigeration management?
To reduce stratospheric ozone depletion
206
What variables measure a refrigerants impact on the environment?
Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)
207
What does air pollution cause?
Harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the
natural environment into the atmosphere.
208
What is a LIFE-CYCLE COST Analysis?
Life-cycle cost analysis calculates expected future operating, maintenance, and replacement costs of designs and features used to assist owners in developing a realistic design and budget estimate.
209
What is NET METERING?
Net metering is a billing mechanism that credits solar energy system owners for the electricity they add to the grid.
210
What types of power have the greatest negative environmental impact?
- Coal
- Gas
- Hydropower
- Other fossil fuels
211
What do GREENHOUSE GASES (GHG) do to the environment?
GHGs absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of thermal infrared radiation emitted by Earth's surface, clouds, and the atmosphere itself. Increased concentrations of greenhouse gases are a root cause of global climate change.
212
An energy simulation model or energy model is generated for what reasons?
Energy simulation models or energy models are used to provide the anticipated energy consumption of a building and permits a comparison of energy performance, given proposed energy efficiency measures, with the baseline.
213
What is the main ASHRAE standard in which HVAC systems must adhere?
ASHRAE 90.1
214
What is an REC?
Also known as Green tags, Renewable Energy Credits, or Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs), are tradable environmental commodities in the United States which represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity was generated
from an eligible renewable energy resource.
215
What is radon?
A cancer-causing radioactive gas. Radon in the ground, groundwater, or building materials enters working and living spaces and disintegrates into its decay products.
216
Where can RECs be purchased?
RECs can be purchased anywhere and are not bound by geography. They differ from actual electricity which must be purchased from a local provider.
217
What is the purpose of an REC?
A Renewable Energy Certificate is a tradable commodity that allows organizations without access to off-site green power to purchase the benefits of green power.
218
Green power must be certified by which organization for LEED credit?
Green-e
219
When would natural ventilation be a good design choice?
In cooler climates where temperatures are lower.
220
What are the environmental benefits of an REC?
- Avoid the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with conventional electricity use
- Reduce some types of air pollution
221
What do CFCs do to the environment?
CFCs destroy the ozone layer.
222
What is ENERGY EFFICIENCY?
Energy efficiency is the use of technology that requires less energy to perform the
same function as a conventional item. A compact fluorescent light bulb that uses less energy than an incandescent bulb to produce the same amount of light is an example of energy efficiency. The decision to replace an incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent is an example of energy conservation.
223
What is GLOBAL WARMING?
Global Warming refers to climate change that causes an increase in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere of the Earth.
224
What are GREENHOUSE GASES?
A gas, such as carbon dioxide or methane, which contributes to potential climate change.
225
What is the most effective way to optimize energy efficiency?
The most effective way to optimize energy efficiency is by utilizing an integrative,
whole-building approach.
226
What is embodied energy?
The available energy that was used in the work of making a product. Embodied energy is an accounting methodology which aims to find the sum total of the energy necessary for an entire product lifecycle. This lifecycle includes raw material extraction, transport, manufacture, assembly, installation, disassembly, deconstruction and/or decomposition.
227
What is POSTCONSUMER RECYCLED content?
It is the percentage of material in a product that was consumer waste. The recycled material was generated by household, commercial, industrial, or institutional end users and can no longer be used for its intended purpose. Postconsumer is just that, material recycled after being used by the consumer.
228
Reusing an existing building can help earn credit in what category?
Materials & Resources
229
What is PRE-CONSUMER recycled content?
Pre-consumer recycled content is formerly known as postindustrial content, is a percentage of material in a product that is recycled from manufacturing waste. Since the material is never sold to the consumer, it is pre-consumer material.
230
What is RECYCLED content?
Recycled content is the proportion, by mass, of pre-consumer or post-consumer recycled material in a product (ISO 14021).
231
What is COMMINGLED RECYCLING?
Commingled recycling accepts a wide range of recyclable materials. This allows materials to be collected in one bin, or location, prior to being sent to a recycling facility for separation. This type of recycling takes up less space and has better participation from occupants.
232
What is waste diversion?
Reducing the amount of recyclable material being thrown away and ultimately wasted by disposal in the landfill. Many materials have uses or resources that can be recaptured through recycling.
233
What are examples of PRE-CONSUMER recycled content?
Planer shavings, sawdust, bagasse, walnut shells, culls, trimmed materials, over issue publications, and obsolete inventories.
234
What are examples of content that is excluded from PRE-CONSUMER recycled content
Rework, regrind, or scrap materials capable of being reclaimed within the same process that generated them.
235
What are examples of POSTCONSUMER recycled content?
Construction and demolition debris, materials collected through recycling programs, discarded products, (e.g., furniture, cabinetry, decking), and landscaping waste (e.g., leaves, grass clippings, tree trimmings)
236
RECYCLED CONTENT is defined in accordance with what document?
ISO 14021 - International Organization of Standards document.
237
What type of recycled content is a material that contains recycled newspaper?
Post-consumer recycled content
238
What is the FSC?
The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), established in 1933 in response to those concerns over global deforestation. It is an international non-profit, multi-stakeholder organization that promotes responsible management of the world's forests.
239
What is the environmental benefit of using SALVAGED MATERIALS?
It reduces the demand for virgin materials.
240
What is a VOC?
Volatile Organic Compounds can have negative health effects when inhaled. Many VOCs are human-made chemicals that are used and produced in the manufacture of
paints, pharmaceuticals, and refrigerants.
241
What is CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION debris?
Construction and demolition debris are waste building materials, dredging materials, tree stumps, and rubble resulting from construction, remodeling, repair, and demolition of homes, commercial buildings and other structures and pavements.
242
What materials are not allowed to be included in the calculations for Construction Waste Management?
- Excavated materials such as dirt and trees
- Hazardous materials such as asbestos and lead-covered debris
243
What is a CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN?
A construction waste management plan includes administrative and procedural
requirements for salvaging, recycling and disposing of non-hazardous demolition and construction waste.
244
What are low-VOC products?
Materials that have less off-gassing, resulting in improved indoor air quality.
245
What is REUSE?
A strategy to use existing materials in a similar or different capacity that allows for the preservation of natural resources.
246
At a minimum what materials must a commercial LEED project include in a recycling program?
- Paper
- Corrugated cardboard
- Glass
- Plastics
- Metals
247
What are SALVAGED MATERIALS?
Construction materials recovered from building sites and reused on different building sites in the same or a different capacity. Examples can include flooring, brick, beams, and doors.
248
What are the benefits of regional materials?
- Reduced transportation costs
- Support of local resources
249
What is source reduction?
The practice of designing, manufacturing, purchasing, or using materials (such as products and packaging) in ways that reduce the amount or toxicity of trash created
250
What CREDIT CATEGORY addresses RECYCLED CONTENT?
Materials & Resources
251
How many points can be earned in the Innovation category?
6 points
252
How many Regional Priority credits can a LEED project earn?
4 points
253
How many LEED AP's are required to participate in a project to earn one Innovation point?
At least 1 principal participant of the project team must be a LEED AP with a specialty
appropriate for the project to earn an Innovation credit.
254
Who is the PROJECT ADMINISTRATOR?
The individual who initially registers the project will be identified by GBCI as the Project Administrator
255
How can Innovation credit be earned?
Doubling the credit requirements, using a new strategy that is quantifiable,
or achieving Pilot Credits
256
How does the integrative, whole-building approach apply to LEED projects?
The integrative, whole-building approach is the most effective way to optimize energy efficiency, by collaboration among all team members, beginning at the start of a project, this method is necessary in designing building systems.
257
What is a DESIGN CHARRETTE?
The design charrette is an intense, collaborative design activity that allows project teams (i.e. project owner, architect, and design team) to develop and plan project strategies, evaluate and identify both financial and environmental impacts, and reveal any opportunistic synergies for the entire project.
258
What does the HOLISTIC approach pertain to?
The holistic approach evaluates energy consumption early in the design process to allow project teams to target methods to improve the building energy consumption and performance.
259
What LEED credit category awards points for achieving exemplary performance?
Innovation
260
How do you earn Innovation credit for exemplary performance?
To earn Innovation credit for exemplary performance, teams must meet the performance level defined by the next step in the threshold progression on credits that allow exemplary performance. For example if one point can be earned on a credit by reducing waste
261
What are the requirements for submitting an Innovation credit for an Innovative strategy?
Identify the following in writing: The intent of the proposed innovation credit. The proposed requirement for compliance. The proposed submittals to demonstrate compliance. The design approach (strategies) used to meet the requirements.
262
How are Innovation points for innovative performance measured?
The submitted credit must be quantifiable.
263
What is the maximum number of points a project can earn under the Regional Credit category?
Under the Regional Priority credit, 4 points is the maximum any project may earn.
264
During the site selection, process what members should a project team include?
Landscape architects, ecologists, environmental engineers, and civil engineers, as well as local professionals who can provide site specific expertise
265
What are CREDIT SYNERGIES?
Credit synergies happen when credits work together and have an increased benefit, many times at a lower combined cost
266
Who fills out the LEED Scorecard?
The project team does during the LEED charette.
267
Who can become a LEED AP with specialty?
Anyone who passes GBCI's exams
268
What do LEED APs with specialty do on a project?
Help streamline the certification process
269
What is EXEMPLARY PERFORMANCE?
Performance above and beyond the LEED requirements is rated "exemplary." An example of exemplary performance is to meet the next step in a series of requirements.
270
What do you call a collaborative, facilitated approach to project design and execution?
An integrative process.
271
What is a LEED CHARRETTE?
A collaborative session in which building stakeholders and building experts address design and project issues early in the building process.
272
True or False: Can a product earn Innovation credit?
FALSE
273
Who uses LEED?
Architects, real estate professionals, facility managers, engineers, interior designers, landscape architects, construction managers, lenders and government officials all use LEED to help transform the built environment to sustainability.
274
What should a project vision include?
A statement that embraces sustainable principles and an integrative process. A vision statement should support and enforce the sustainability goals throughout the project.
275
What is the pre-design phase of an environmentally responsive design?
An added step to the design process which includes the integrative process, defining environmental design guidelines, and assembling an integrative project team.
276
What steps occur in the pre-design phase?
- Develop Green Vision
- Establish Project Goals and Green Design Criteria
- Set Priorities
- Develop Building Program
- Establish Budget
- Assemble Green Team
- Develop Partnering Strategies
- Develop Project Schedule
- Review Laws and Standards
- Conduct Research
277
What can increasing the ventilation in a building have a negative impact on?
Increasing ventilation in a building increases energy use (EA).
278
Can prerequisites earn exemplary performance?
No. Only credits can earn exemplary performance.
279
At what stage is it critical to incorporate green building practices into the project?
Pre-design
280
LOCAL ZONING requirements are defined as:
Local government regulations imposed to promote orderly development of private lands and prevent land-use conflicts.
281
Which has precedent in a project, LEED requirements or local codes?
Local codes must be followed first.
282
What codes must LEED projects follow?
Projects should review relevant and applicable laws, codes, local ordinances, statutes, and industry-related standards.
283
What must be checked to determine what type of building can be built on a piece of land?
Local zoning requirements
284
What are local ordinances?
A law usually found in a municipal code.
285
What are local codes?
State and local jurisdictions may develop their own regulations or adopt building codes based on national model codes. State and local codes are typically based on national model codes published by the International Code Council (ICC)
286
What additional green building project and building construction budget are there?
- Life cycle cost analysis
- Green building experts
- Contingency plans for additional research
287
What is systems thinking?
An understanding of the built environment as a series of relationships in which all parts influence many other parts.
288
What is the integrative process used for?
To support high-performance, cost-effective project outcomes through an early analysis of the interrelationships among systems.
289
What are the benefits of using an integrative process?
Higher performing buildings, healthier buildings, and cost savings over the long term.
290
What is REACH used for?
REACH is the regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals. REACH requires all companies manufacturing or importing chemical substances into the European Union in quantities of one ton or more per year to register these
291
What are examples of high-priority designation areas?
- Historic districts
- Priority designation sites (Federal Empowerment Zones, EPA National Priorities List, etc.)
- Brownfield
292
What are types of sensitive habitats?
- Prime farmland
- Floodplains
- Endangered habitats
- Water bodies
- Wetlands
293
What is WaterSense used for in LEED?
To identify fixtures in LEED buildings are both water efficient and high performing.
294
What are the diverse use categories?
- Food retail
- Community-serving retail
- Services
- Civic and community facilities
- Community anchor uses
295
What is the waste reduction hierarchy?
- Source reduction
- Reuse
- Recycling
- Waste-to-energy
296
What is WASTE-TO-ENERGY?
The process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the incineration of waste.
297
What is USGBC’s mission?
To transform the way buildings and communities are designed, built and operated, enabling an environmentally and socially responsible, healthy, and prosperous environment that improves the quality of life.
298
What is USGBC’s vision?
Buildings and communities will regenerate and sustain the health and vitality of all life within a generation.
299
What are the roles of GBCI?
- Administration of the LEED exams
- Overseeing LEED credential maintenance
- Third-party technical reviews of registered LEED projects
300
What other green building rating systems are available?
- Green Globes
- BREEAM
- Green Star
- IgCC
301
What are I-codes?
The International Codes, or I-Codes, published by ICC, provide minimum safeguards for people at home, at school, and in the workplace. The I-Codes are a complete set of comprehensive, coordinated building safety and fire prevention codes. Building codes benefit public safety and support the industry's need for one set of codes without regional limitations.
302
What is the IgCC?
The IgCC provides the building industry with language that both broadens and strengthens building codes in a way that will accelerate the construction of high-performance green buildings.
303
What are LEED Interpretations?
LEED Interpretations, just like Project Credit Interpretation Rulings (Project CIRs), are official answers to technical inquiries about implementing LEED on a project. They help people understand how their projects can meet LEED requirements. They also define or expand upon existing content to provide clarity.
304
What are LEED Addenda?
USGBC publishes clarifications (also called addenda) to address errors in the LEED rating systems and reference guides.
305
What is a HERs Index?
The Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Index is a standard by which a home's energy efficiency is measured.
306
What is a BUG rating?
The backlight-uplight glare method is used in LEED v4 for light pollution reduction. By selecting exterior lighting with specific BUG ratings, the project team can easily reduce light pollution.
307
How is water performance measurement accomplished?
Metering and submetering.
308
What is DENSITY?
A measure of the total building floor area or dwelling units on a parcel of land relative to the buildable land of that parcel. Units for measuring density may differ according to credit requirements. Does not include structured parking.
309
What is BUILDABLE LAND?
The portion of the site where construction can occur, including land voluntarily set aside and not constructed on. When used in density calculations, buildable land excludes public rights-of-way and land excluded from development by codified law.
310
What is a FLOOR-AREA-RATIO (FAR)?
The density of nonresidential land use, exclusive of parking, measured as the total nonresidential building floor area divided by the total buildable land area available for nonresidential structures.
311
What is an OCCUPIED SPACE?
Enclosed areas intended for human activities.
312
What are examples of UNOCCUPIED SPACES?
Mechanical rooms, stairwells, closets
313
What is a REGULARLY OCCUPIED SPACE?
Conference rooms, guest rooms, kitchens, hotel lobby
314
What is COMMISSIONING?
The process of verifying and documenting that a building and all of its systems and assemblies are planned, designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained to meet the owner's project requirements.
315
What is RETRO-COMMISSIONING?
A commissioning process that can be performed on existing buildings to identify and
recognize system improvements that make the
building more suitable for current use.
316
What is DEMAND RESPONSE?
A change in electricity use by demand-side resources from their normal consumption patterns in response to changes in the price of electricity or to incentive payments designed to induce lower electricity use at times of high
wholesale market prices or when system reliability is jeopardized.
317
What is a DEMAND RESPONSE EVENT?
A specific period of time when the utility or independent service operator calls for a change in the pattern or level of use in gridbased electricity from its program
participants. Also known as a curtailment event.
318
What is a CARBON OFFSET?
A unit of carbon dioxide equivalent that is reduced, avoided, or sequestered to compensate for emissions occurring elsewhere
319
What standard qualifies carbon offsets?
Green-e Climate certified (or equivalent)
320
What environmental benefit does purchasing off-site renewable energy (Green Power) have?
Emissions reductions
321
How is a building's energy efficiency benchmarked?
EPA's ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager
322
What does a building automation system do?
Collect data about a building's systems and
track it over time
323
What does designing for flexibility mean?
Designing for flexibility is a concept that considers the future use of the building and how it may be modified while at the same time reducing waste and reducing the need for new materials.
324
What are environmental externalities?
Transactions in which one or more parties to the transaction are not compensated and may have little choice in the transaction. Air pollution, for example, is a visible externality of manufacturing, the cost of which is generally paid by others.
325
What is product transparency?
Each building disclosure and optimization credit in the Materials and Resources section has two options for compliance. The first option is for material transparency - what's in the material or how was it obtained.
326
What is an ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION (EPD)?
The Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a standardized way of quantifying the
environmental impact of a product or system.
327
What is a HEALTH PRODUCT DECLARATION (HPD)?
Health Product Declaration (HPDs) provide a full disclosure of the potential chemicals of concern in products by comparing product ingredients to a wide variety of "hazard" lists published by government authorities and scientific associations.
328
What is a CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY REPORT (CSR)?
A CSR report is a third-party verified report that includes information on how the manufacturer extracts or sources materials
329
What are three examples of building product
disclosure?
- Raw materials sourcing
- Material ingredients
- Environmental product disclosure
330
What are USGBC's seven guiding principles?
- Promote the triple bottom line
- Establish leadership
- Reconcile humanity with nature
- Foster social equity
- Maintain integrity
- Be inclusive
- Exhibit transparency
331
What does the LEED Volume Program help with?
Cost-effective LEED certification on a volume scale
332
When would the Campus Program be used?
The Campus Program is used when there are less than twenty-five projects and they are non-uniform in size. The projects do not have to be adjacent.
333
How many LEED adaptations are there?
21
334
What LEED rating system has recertification?
LEED O+M. Recertification is for O+M projects with an initial O+M certification. Projects must recertify within five years of the previous O+M certification and are eligible to recertify as often as every 12 months.
335
How often must LEED O+M projects recertify?
Every 5 years.
336
What are the LEED impact categories?
1) Reverse Contribution to Global Climate Change
2) Enhance Individual Human Health and Well-Being
3) Protect and Restore Water Resources
4) Protect, Enhance and Restore Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
5) Promote Sustainable and Regenerative Material Resources
337
What are three important factors of the LEED Green Building Rating System?
- Voluntary
- Consensus-based
- Market-driven
338
What are the point values of a LEED credit based on?
The ability to mitigate the environmental harms of a building and to promote beneficial effects.
339
What are the three types of LEED improvements made on a regular basis?
- Errata and addenda
- Adaptations
- Next version of LEED
340
In what 3 ways are LEED Interpretations different than Project CIRs?
- Precedent-setting
- Published online
- Subject to consensus-based review
341
What are 3 benefits of LEED Interpretations?
- Can be applied to multiple projects
- Part of the LEED conversation
- Reviewed by USGBC committees
342
What LEED developments address specific space types and international requirements?
LEED Rating System adaptations
343
What is the LEED Pilot Credit Library?
Allows credits to be refined through LEED project evaluations before they complete the balloting process for introduction into LEED
344
What type of project requires a master site for registration?
Campus
345
What is an LPE?
Licensed Professional Exemption (LPE) is an optional credit documentation path in which professionals can submit license information and a declaration of compliance in lieu of a number of otherwise required submittals.
346
What is a closed system?
A closed system is a system with a closed loop, and is thought of as more sustainable. For example, plants growing in a field, grow, produce oxygen, take in water, then die and decay which helps plants grow.
347
What is an open system?
An open system is a system that constantly takes in items from outside the system, uses them and then releases them as waste. This system has no feedback loop. Think of a normal home where groceries, products, or
water come into the home, are used and then released as waste water or garbage.
348
What is a negative feedback loop?
A negative feedback loop is a system where the output may signal the system to stop changing.
349
What are the phases of the LEED integrative process?
1) Discovery
2) Design and Construction (Implementation)
3) Occupancy, Operations, and Performance Feedback
350
How does integrative design differ from the conventional building process?
The integrative process is iterative.
351
What is at the core of the integrative process?
Collaborative team members
352
What does the ISO 14000 standard do?
Assess environmental performance of products and services and provide guidance on improving their environmental performance
353
What is the purpose of ENERGY STAR?
ENERGY STAR is specific to energy performance and can be used to compare
building performance.
354
What is infill development?
Infill development occurs within established urban areas where the site or area either is a vacant place between other developments or has previously been used for another urban purpose.
355
What document assists with determining recommended parking?
ITE Transportation Planning Handbook
356
What is a SITE ASSESSMENT?
An evaluation of an area's above-ground and
subsurface characteristics, including its structures, geology, and hydrology. Site assessments typically help determine whether
contamination has occurred and the extent and concentration of any release of pollutants.
Remediation decisions rely on information generated during site assessments.
357
Construction activity pollution prevention should address what environmental protection measures?
- Soil erosion
- Waterway sedimentation
- Airborne dust
358
What team member creates an erosion and sedimentation control (ESC) plan for construction activity pollution prevention?
Civil engineer
359
What does protecting and restoring habitat help with?
Promoting biodiversity
360
How should projects reduce runoff?
Replicating the natural hydrology and water balance of the site
361
What are ways to manage runoff?
Low-impact development (LID) and green infrastructure
362
What products can have a WaterSense label?
- Toilets
- Private lavatory faucets
- Showerheads
363
What is energy use intensity measured in?
Energy consumed per unit of floor space
364
What is the Owner's Project Requirements (OPR) document?
A written document that details the ideas, concepts, and criteria determined by the owner to be important to the success of the project.
365
What is BUS RAPID TRANSIT?
BRT is an enhanced bus system that operates on exclusive bus lanes or other transit rights-of-way. The system is designed to combine the flexibility of buses with the efficiency of rail.
366
What does tracking building-level energy use
help with?
Identifying additional energy savings over time.
367
What is ADAPTIVE REUSE?
The practice of redesigning and using a structure for a use that is significantly different from the building's original use.
368
What do the credits in the Materials and Resources (MR) category focus on?
Minimizing the embodied impacts associated with the entire life-cycle of building materials
369
What is the purpose of a life-cycle assessment?
To understand the tradeoffs of material selection and energy performance
370
What is EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY?
Measures undertaken by the maker of a product to accept its own and sometimes other manufacturers' products as postconsumer waste at the end of the products' useful life. Producers recover and recycle the materials for use in new products of the same type.
371
What is a FLUSH-OUT?
A flush-out runs the mechanical systems with 100% outside air to remove contaminants. Flush-outs are usually done after construction
is complete and prior occupants are moving in.
372
What is IPM?
Integrated Pest Management - a method of pest management that protects human health and the surrounding environment and improves economic returns through the most effective, least-risk option.
373
What is a common issue with daylighting?
Glare.
374
What does daylighting help reduce?
The need for artificial lighting.
375
What are the benefits of good acoustics?
- Increased learning in schools
- Increased privacy in healthcare
- Increased employee productivity/satisfaction
376
What are ways to provide occupants thermal comfort?
- Operable windows
- Individual thermal comfort controls
- Controls for shared spaces
377
What is a negative environmental externality of locating a project in an area that does not have diverse uses and is not densely developed?
Increased air pollution
378
What are the benefits of LEED-certified buildings?
- Lower operating costs and increased asset value
- Reduced waste sent to landfills
- Energy and water conservation
- More healthful and productive environments for occupants
- Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions
- Qualification for tax rebates
379
What is the most impactful way that a project can help to reverse contribution to climate change?
Reducing fossil-fuel based energy consumption
380
What are the long term effects of climate change?
- Higher sea levels
- Higher temperatures
- Longer droughts
381
What are ALTERNATIVE COMPLIANCE PATHS (ACPs)?
Alternative Compliance Paths, or ACPs, allow international projects to identify equivalent means of demonstrating compliance to the credit requirements.
382
What are examples of STRUCTURAL INCENTIVES for green building?
- Expedited review/permitting process
- Density and height bonuses
383
What are examples of FINANCIAL INCENTIVES for green building?
- Tax credits
- Fee reductions / waivers
- Grants
- Revolving loan funds (low interest loans)
384
What are examples of NONFINANCIAL INCENTIVES for green building?
- Technical assistance
- Marketing assistance
385
What is a REGULAR BUILDING OCCUPANT?
Habitual users of a building.
386
Name the different types of regular building occupants
- Employees
- Staff
- Volunteers
- Residents
- Primary and secondary school students
- Hotel guests
- Inpatients
387
What is a VISITOR?
Visitors (also called 'transients') intermittently use a LEED building.
388
Name the different types of building visitors.
- Retail customers
- Outpatients
- Volunteers
- Higher-education students
389
What is the most important phase of the integrative process?
Discovery
390
What is a COMMISSIONING AUTHORITY (CxA)
The individual designated to organize, lead, and review the completion of commissioning process activities. The CxA facilitates communication among the owner, designer, and contractor to ensure that complex systems are installed and function in accordance with the owner’s project requirements.
391
What is LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID)?
An approach to managing rainwater runoff that emphasizes on-site natural features to protect water quality, by replicating the
natural land cover hydrologic regime of watersheds, and addressing runoff close to its
source.
392
What are examples of OCCUPANT CONTROLS?
An occupant controls is a system or switch that a person in the space can directly access and use. Examples include a task light, an open switch, and blinds. A temperature sensor, photo sensor, or centrally controlled system is not occupant controlled.
393
What is a RIDE SHARE?
A transit service in which individuals travel together in a passenger car or small van that
seats at least four people. It can include human-powered conveyances, which must
accommodate at least two people. It must include an enclosed passenger seating area, fixed route service, fixed fare structure, regular operation, and the ability to pick up multiple riders.
394
What is a REGULATED LOAD?
Any building end use that has either a mandatory or a prescriptive requirement in ASHRAE Standard 90.1 (envelope, lighting, motors, HVAC, hot water, etc.)
395
What is PROCESS ENERGY?
Power resources consumed in support of a manufacturing, industrial, or commercial process other than conditioning spaces and maintaining comfort and amenities for building occupants of a building. It may include refrigeration equipment, cooking and food
396
What is VISION GLAZING?
The glass portion of an exterior window that permits views to the exterior or interior. Vision glazing must allow a clear image of the exterior and must not be obstructed by frits,
fibers, patterned glazing, or added tints that distort color balance.
397
What standards can be used to identify green cleaning products?
Environmental Choice and Green Seal
398
What does increasing ventilation in a building
help with?
Reduced absenteeism
399
Where should smoking be prohibited around a building?
Near entrances, operable windows, and air intakes.
400
What does the type of entryway system selected for a building impact?
Indoor air quality.
