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Chapter 1 and 2 (82 cards)

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1
Q

What is the scientific study of life?

A

Biology

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2
Q

What do biologists study?

A

life’s diversity and shared characteristics across living organisms

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3
Q

Life begins with

A

Atoms

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4
Q

Atoms are

A

The basic units of matter

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5
Q

Atoms combine to make

A

Molecules

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6
Q

Molecules exist within a

A

Cell

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7
Q

Plants are

A

Autotrophs (Producers)

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8
Q

Animals are

A

Hetertroph (Consumer)

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9
Q

Levels of biological organization

Start at atom

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Cell
  4. Tissue
  5. Organ
  6. Organ System
  7. Organism
  8. Population
  9. Species
  10. Community
  11. Ecosystem
  12. Biosphere
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10
Q

The capacity to do work

A

Energy

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11
Q

Define Metabolism

A

All the chemicals reactions that happen in a cell

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12
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy?

A

The sun

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13
Q

What does photosynthesis do?

A

Convert solar energy into chemical energy of nurtrient molecules

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14
Q

Homeostasis

A

internal eviornment that acts within a set of physiological boundaries

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15
Q

How to living organism find energy/ nutrients?

A

Interacting with their surrondings.

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16
Q

What are genes?

A

Genetic instruction inherited from parents

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17
Q

Where are genes located?

A

Long molecules of DNA

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18
Q

What are mutations?

A

Change made in the DNA sequence.

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19
Q

Define Evolution

A

Pprocess in which populations change over time to adapt

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20
Q

The discipline of identifying and naming organisms according to certain rules

A

Taxonomy

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21
Q

Classification of organisms according to their presumed evolutionary relationships

A

Systematics

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22
Q

Categories of Classification

Least to most inclusive

A
  1. Species
  2. Genus
  3. Family
  4. Order
  5. Class
  6. Phylum
  7. Kingdom
  8. Supergroup
  9. Domain
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23
Q

What domains do supergroup exist in?

A

Eukarya

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24
Q

What are the domains?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eukarya
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25
What do the Archaea and Bacteria domain contain?
Prokaryotes
26
What is Binomial Name?
A two part scientific name that every living organism has
27
A formal way of watching the natural world
Observation
28
A possible explanation for a natural event
Hypothesis
29
A series of tests designed to test a specific hyptothesis
Experiment
30
A guess of how an experiment will go
Predicition
30
How a experiment will be tested
Experimental Design
31
What is another name for experimental variable?
Independent Variable
31
Variable where a factor has been changed
Independent variable/ experimental variable
32
the value that is obtained as a result of changing the experimental variable.
Dependent Variable/ responding variable
32
If I am given a placebo pill as part of an experiment what group am I in?
Control group
33
What if the control group and test groups show the same results
the hypothesis predicting a change between them was wrong
34
Model Systems
visuals and model organisms used to test a hypothesis
34
What is another name for a Drosophila Melanogaster?
Fruit fly
35
What is another name for Arabidopsis thaliana
Thale Cress (small mustard plant)
35
What is another name for Caenorhabditis Elegans
Round Worm
36
What is another name for mus musculus
Mouse
36
Why are mice good model organism?
Because they reproduce fast
37
Why are fruit flys good model organisms?
Because they reproduce fast and have short life spans so it's easy to track evolution
38
What are the results of an experiment?
Data
39
Scientists analyze data to reach a
Conclusion
40
Scientic Theories
accepted explanations for how a thing works
40
Experiments and observations must be
Repeatable
41
What is a principal?
A theory that is highly accepted by scientists.
41
What is another word for principle?
Law
42
What is technology?
the application of scientific knowledge to the interests of humans.
42
What is climate change?
The changes in the normal cycles of the Earth's climate that human activity may be to blame for.
43
What is global warming?
The rising temeperate of the planet.
43
Extinction
The death of a species or larger classification category
44
What is Biodiversity
The number and relatiive abudance of a specices, their genes, and the different kind of places they live.
45
What is Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass.
46
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary cheminal means.
47
Automic theory
elements consist of tiny particles called atoms
47
What four elements make up 96% of the body weight of most organisms
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
47
Automic symbol
The name of the element respected by 1 or 2 letters
47
Neurons have what kind of charge
No electrical charge
48
Electrons are assumed to weigh what in most calculations?
zero
48
Protons have what kind of charge?
Positive charge
48
Electrons have what kind of charge?
Negative charge
48
Mass number is ______ + ______
protons and nuerons
49
All atoms of an elements have the same number of protons. What is it's name?
Atomic Number
50
Atomic Mass
the average mass number for these atoms
51
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons are called what?
Isotopes
52
Electron Shells
Average location, or energy level, of an electron in an atom
52
Electron shell happy numbers
2, 8, 6
53
If an atom's outer shell has 8 electrons it's the most stable. What is this rule called?
Octet Rule
53
Atom's outer shell
Valence shell
54
What causes a ionic bond to form?
when two atoms are held together by the attraction between opposite charges
55
What is a compound molecule?
A molecule that contains atoms of more than one element
56
What is a covalent bond?
When two atoms share electrons in order to have a completed outer shell
56
what are products?
Molecules formed by a reaction
57
What are reactants
Molecules that participate in a reaction
58
Define Electronegativity
an atom's affinity for electrons in a covalent bond.
59
An unequal sharing of electrons causes a bond to become what
polar
60
What is a hydrogen bond?
A weak chemical bond between a slightly positive hydrogen atom on one molecule and a slightly negative atom on another molecule
61
What does hydrophilic mean?
Attracted to water
62
What does hydrophobic mean?
Repelled from water
63

Biology (2 decks)

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