Study Guide

Question 1

What is a genotype?

Answer 1

Genetic makeup of a person.

Question 2

What is a phenotype?

Answer 2

Inherited physical characteristics, a combo of genetic and environmental influences.

Question 3

What are neurons?

Answer 3

Central building blocks of the nervous system.

Question 4

What are neural transmitters?

Answer 4

Chemical messengers of the nervous system.

Question 5

What are glial cells?

Answer 5

Play a supportive role to neurons.

Question 6

What are dendrites?

Answer 6

Branching extensions that receive signals from other neurons.

Question 7

What is the synaptic gap?

Answer 7

The space between neurons where neurotransmitters are released.

Question 8

What is an axon?

Answer 8

Transmits messages.

Question 9

What is the myelin sheath?

Answer 9

Insulator that increases signal speed.

Question 10

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 10

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 11

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 11

Nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 12

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 12

Controls voluntary movements.

Question 13

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 13

Regulates rest and digest functions.

Question 14

What are the lobes of the brain?

Answer 14

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal.

Question 15

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 15

Reasoning, motor control, emotion, language.

Question 16

What does the parietal lobe do?

Answer 16

Processes information from the body’s senses.

Question 17

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 17

Interpreting incoming visual information.

Question 18

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 18

Hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language.

Question 19

What is the reticular formation?

Answer 19

Regulates sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alertness, and motor activity.

Question 20

What does the pons do?

Answer 20

Connects the hindbrain with the rest of the brain; regulates brain during sleep.

Question 21

What is the function of the medulla?

Answer 21

Controls automatic processes of the autonomic nervous system: breathing, blood pressure, heart rate.

Question 22

What does the cerebellum control?

Answer 22

Balance and coordination, movement, and motor skills.

Question 23

What is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)?

Answer 23

Uses a magnetic field to align and disorient spinning atoms in brain molecules to produce a picture.

Question 24

What is Computerized Tomography (CT)?

Answer 24

Uses x-ray photographs to quickly show damage such as a stroke or tumor.

Question 25

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 25

System of glands that produce hormones.

Question 26

What is learning?

Answer 26

A change in behavior due to experience.

Question 27

What are instincts?

Answer 27

Innate behaviors that occur automatically.

Question 28

What are reflexes?

Answer 28

Automatic responses to stimuli.

Question 29

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 29

Learning through association between stimuli.

Question 30

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 30

Learning through consequences of behavior.

Question 31

What are schedules of reinforcement?

Answer 31

Rules that determine when a behavior will be reinforced.

Question 32

What are the four parts of observational learning?

Answer 32

Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation.

Question 33

What is modeling?

Answer 33

Learning by imitating others.

Question 34

What is shaping?

Answer 34

Gradually reinforcing behaviors that are closer to the desired behavior.

Question 35

What is association?

Answer 35

Connecting two stimuli or events.

Question 36

What is discrimination?

Answer 36

The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli.

Question 37

What is generalization?

Answer 37

Responding similarly to similar stimuli.

Question 38

What is physical development?

Answer 38

Changes in the body and motor skills.

Question 39

What is cognitive development?

Answer 39

Changes in thinking and reasoning abilities.

Question 40

What is psychosocial development?

Answer 40

Changes in emotions, personality, and social relationships.

Question 41

What is continuous development?

Answer 41

Gradual and ongoing changes throughout life.

Question 42

What is discontinuous development?

Answer 42

Development that occurs in distinct stages.

Question 43

What are Erikson’s stages of development?

Answer 43

Stage 1: Trust Vs Mistrust. Stage 5: Identity Vs Confusion Stage 6: Intimacy Vs Isolation

Question 44

What are Piaget’s stages of development?

Answer 44

Preoperational (Age 2-6: Preoperational Description: Use words and images to represent things, but lack logical reasoning) Formal Operational (Age 12+: Formal Operational Description: Formal operations, utilize abstract reasoning)

Question 45

What is egocentrism?

Answer 45

Inability to see things from another's perspective.

Question 46

What are Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning?

Answer 46

Levels of moral development: Level 2 Stage 3 (Interpersonal: Behavior driven by social approval), Level 3 Stage 5 (Social contact: Behavior driven by balance of social order and individual rights).

Question 47

What are attachments?

Answer 47

Emotional bonds formed between individuals.

Question 48

What are parenting styles?

Answer 48

Authoritative, Authoriatarian, and Permissive | (Also Neglectful but that shouldn't be on the test)

Question 49

What is hospice?

Answer 49

Care designed to provide comfort for those with terminal illnesses.