Study Guide

Question 1

What are mitochondria?

Answer 1

Mitochondria are cell organelles that are commonly referred to as ‘the powerhouse of the cell’.

Question 2

What are moths?

Answer 2

Moths are flying insects that are attracted to light and genetically related to butterflies.

Question 3

What is cancer?

Answer 3

Cancer is a disease characterized by malignant tumors composed of cells growing at abnormal rates.

Question 4

What is the blue whale?

Answer 4

The blue whale is an aquatic mammal that is the largest animal to have ever existed on Earth.

Question 5

What does the name Triceratops mean?

Answer 5

Triceratops means ‘three-horned face’. Its primary predator was Tyrannosaurus Rex.

Question 6

How do viruses multiply?

Answer 6

Viruses multiply by infecting host cells with genetic material.

Question 7

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 7

Photosynthesis is an anabolic process in plants that converts carbon dioxide into glucose.

Question 8

What are some examples of constellations?

Answer 8

Andromeda, Cancer and Orion are examples of constellations, star collections that form fixed patterns.

Question 9

What is a new moon?

Answer 9

A new moon is the lunar phase during which the moon appears invisible when viewed from Earth.

Question 10

What happened to Neptune’s status as a planet?

Answer 10

Neptune became the farthest planet from the Sun following Pluto’s demotion to a dwarf planet.

Question 11

What is a light-year?

Answer 11

A light-year is approximately 6 trillion miles, or the distance light travels in one year.

Question 12

What is Arecibo?

Answer 12

Arecibo in Puerto Rico is a former example of a radio telescope, which detects electromagnetic waves from space.

Question 13

What is an exoplanet?

Answer 13

An exoplanet is located outside of the Solar System, and thus, does not orbit our Sun.

Question 14

Where is the asteroid belt located?

Answer 14

The asteroid belt is located between Mars and Jupiter. It is home to Ceres, the largest asteroid, which is considered a dwarf planet.

Question 16

What is the most electrically conductive element?

Answer 16

Silver is the most electrically conductive element and has the chemical symbol Ag.

Question 17

What is chlorine used for?

Answer 17

Chlorine is a yellow gas that is used to chemically treat swimming pools.

Question 18

What is the fifth most abundant gaseous halogen?

Answer 18

Neon is the fifth most abundant gaseous halogen that is used in fluorescent lamps and signs.

Question 19

Who first developed the periodic table?

Answer 19

The periodic table of chemical elements was first developed by Dmitri Mendeleev.

Question 20

What is pasteurization?

Answer 20

Pasteurization is a method of heat treatment used to destroy microorganisms on food products.

It is named for the French chemist Louis Pasteur who developed it.

Question 21

What is the main ore of tin?

Answer 21

Tin is a metallic element whose main ore is cassiterite and forms the alloy bronze along with copper.

Question 22

What does pH measure?

Answer 22

pH is a metric used to measure the acidity or basicity of a substance, commonly ranging from 0 to 14.

Values close to 0 are more acidic; values close to 14 are more basic.

Question 23

What is organic chemistry concerned with?

Answer 23

Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline concerned with compounds containing carbon, an element with atomic number 6.

Question 24

What is cryptocurrency?

Answer 24

Cryptocurrency, examples of which include Ethereum and Bitcoin, is a form of digital decentralized currency.

Question 25

What is HTML?

Answer 25

HTML is the standard language used to create webpages on the World Wide Web.

Question 26

What is virtual reality?

Answer 26

Virtual reality is a fully artificial environment that is generally experienced through use of a headset.

Question 27

What is the Gulf Stream?

Answer 27

The Gulf Stream is a warm water current that passes by the Florida coast and moderates Europe's climate.

Question 28

What is ozone?

Answer 28

Ozone is a molecule formed from three oxygen atoms that absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

Question 29

When did the Last Glacial Period peak?

Answer 29

The Last Glacial Period, also known as the Last Ice Age, peaked approximately 22,000 years ago.

Question 30

What is lava?

Answer 30

Lava is molten rock that is expelled during a volcanic eruption.

Question 31

What is erosion?

Answer 31

Erosion is the geological process by which water and/or wind transports and removes soil.

Question 32

What are prime numbers?

Answer 32

Prime numbers are natural numbers whose only factors are one and themselves. ## Footnote The only even prime number is 2.

Question 33

What is a complex number?

Answer 33

A complex number consists of a real part and an imaginary part.

Question 34

What is pi?

Answer 34

Pi is a transcendental number equal to approximately 3.14159, denoting the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.

Question 35

Who developed the law of gravity?

Answer 35

Isaac Newton (1642-1727) developed the law of gravity, legendarily after an apple fell on his head.

Question 36

What are magnets?

Answer 36

Magnets are objects whose namesake fields can attract or repel each other. ## Footnote They can be created by passing current through a wire.

Question 37

What is the atomic nucleus?

Answer 37

The atomic nucleus is the dense region at the center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.

Question 38

What is combustion?

Answer 38

Combustion is a reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, giving off heat and light.

Question 39

What are X-rays?

Answer 39

X-rays are electromagnetic waves discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen used to create images of the body's internal structure.

Question 40

What is drag?

Answer 40

Drag is the force that resists a body's motion through a fluid.