study guide Flashcards
(22 cards)
Eli Whitney
Figure of the Industrial Revolution. American Inventor who is widely known for inventing the cotton gin in hopes to reduce or even end slavery.
Central Powers
One of the two main sides that fought in WWI. Consisted of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. Had goals of gaining as much land as possible and suppressing non-central nationalism. (ie Serbian nationalism in Austria-Hungary.)
Allies
One of the two main sides that fought in WWI. Consisted of France, the United States, the British Empire, Russia, Italy and Japan. Had goals of gaining as much land as possible and suppressing the Central Powers.
Urbanization
The process in which people move from rural areas to Urban areas. This allows for cities to expand. The rural population declines and the urban areas just increase in size and population.
Agricultural Revolution
Developments in Agriculture between the mid 17th century and late 19th century. It was a complex transformation that began in Britain. Some of the new developments included technical improvements, new machinery, better drainage and experiments with new crops.
Tenements
House divided into apartments/rooms. Usually a run down or not well maintained house. Used to make space for the working-class and immigrants.
Enclosure
Term used in English landownership, describing enclosing “common land.” Was meant to deprave the lower or working-class of their traditional rights.
Charles Townsend and Crop Rotation
British politician who established the Townsend acts which was one of the key parts in the American Revolution. He also popularized the crop rotation in which four crops are grown in each year of a 4 year cycle. These crops included wheat, turnips, barley, and clover or ryegrass.
Cottage Industry and the Pulling-out system
A system in which merchants would provide and source material for workers. The workers would then return the finished product to the merchant.
Factory System
A new way of production started during the Industrial Revolution. Began with the development of the power loom and steam engine. Characterized by centralizing manufacturing in a factory, supervised and structured.
Labor Unions
Unified groups of workers who would protest poor pay, conditions, etc.
Thomas Malthus
English economist during the agricultural revolution. Popular for his theory that population growth would always grow quicker than the food supply could handle. “Father of population.” because his theory also states that societal betterment is only possible through population control.
David Ricardo
English political economist, politician and member of British Parliament. Developed the widely known comparative advantage theory. The theory suggests that each country focuses on manufacturing the goods they can produce the most efficiently and trade with other countries for goods they can’t make as efficiently.
Jeremy Bentham
English philosopher, jurist and social reformer. Known for founding modern utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is the belief that the best decision is the one with the most positive outcome.
Turnpike
Created during the transportation revolution to collect money from travelers. Corporations would build and maintain the roads where turnpikes were built.
Bolsheviks
A radical faction of the RSDLP led by Vladimir Lenin. Wanted to abolish capitalism to create a socialist society. Wanted to spread these ideas everywhere regardless of any history.
Total War
A type of warfare. Characterized by the use age of any and all resources before non-combat based reason. Objective, territory and weapons are all unrestricted.
Tsar Nicholas II
The last Tsar of Russia. Was an incompetent ruler, causing for instability and revolts through his whole reign. Was killed by the Bolsheviks.
1917 Russia Revolution
Started because Tsar Nicholas II was an incompetent ruler. Goals were to get rid of the Tsar and create a government with more power to the general public. Ended in 1923 when Jospeh Stalin came to power.
Treaty of Nanking
Treaty that ended the first opium war between Great Britain and the Qing Dynasty.
Suffragette
Woman who advocates for the suffrage movement. Popular term through the late 19th century to early 20th century. Started as a deragatory term.
Charles Darwin
English naturalist and scientist. Famous for his theory of evolution. He stated that species would adapt overtime from their surroundings, but they all share a common ancestor.
