Study guide: Digestive system pathology

Question 1

Failure of the smooth muscle of the alimentary canal to relax

Answer 1

achalasia

Question 2

Inflammation of the appendix

Answer 2

appendicitis

Question 3

peptic ulcer of the lower esophagus often with stricture

Answer 3

barrett esophagus

Question 4

Mass in the stomach formed by material that does not pass into the intestine

Answer 4

Bezoar

Question 5

Narrowing of the bile ducts

Answer 5

biliary stenosis

Question 6

The abnormal concretion of mineral salts, often called a stone

Answer 6

calculus

Question 7

malignant new growth composed of epithelial cells

Answer 7

carcinoma

Question 8

malabsorption disease caused by a mucosal defect in the jejunum

Answer 8

celiac disease (sprue)

Question 9

acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder

Answer 9

cholecystitis

Question 10

calculus in the common bile duct

Answer 10

choledocholithiasis

Question 11

presence of gallstones

Answer 11

cholelithiasis

Question 12

inflammation of the colon

Answer 12

colitis

Question 13

inflammation of diverticula in the alimentary canal

Answer 13

diverticulitis

Question 14

diverticula in the colon without inflammation or symptoms

Answer 14

diverticulosis

Question 15

pouch created by herniation of the mucous membrane through the muscular coat

Answer 15

diverticulum

Question 16

enlarged tortuous veins of the lower esophagus, resulting from portal hypertension

Answer 16

esophageal varices

Question 17

abnormal connection between two internal organs or between an organ and the body surface

Answer 17

fistula

Question 18

foreign material in the airway

Answer 18

foreign body

Question 19

inflammation of the lining of the stomach

Answer 19

gastritis

Question 20

backward flow of the stomach contents into the esophagus

Answer 20

gastroesophageal reflux

Question 21

protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Answer 21

hiatal hernia

Question 22

absence of parasympathetic ganglia, usually in the distal colon, resulting in the absence of peristalsis

Answer 22

hirschsprung disease or congenital aganlionic megacolon

Question 23

faliure of bowel peristalsis

Answer 23

ileus

Question 24

protrusion of the bowel into the groin

Answer 24

inguinal hernia

Question 25

prolapse of a portion of the bowel into the lumen of an adjacent part

Answer 25

intussusception

Question 26

disorder in which subnormal absorption of dietary constituents occurs

Answer 26

malabsorption syndrome

Question 27

diverticulum of the distal ileum, similar to the appendix

Answer 27

meckel diverticulum

Question 28

collection of debris, fluid, pancreatic enzymes and blood as a complication of acute pancreatitis

Answer 28

pancreatic pseudocyst

Question 29

acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas

Answer 29

pancreatitis

Question 30

growth or mass protruding from a mucous membrane

Answer 30

polyp

Question 31

narrowing of pyloric canal causing obstruction

Answer 31

phyloric stenosis

Question 32

inflammatory bowel disease most commonly involving the distal ileum

Answer 32

regional enteritis or Crohn disease

Question 33

a condition that prevents the passage of saliva through the duct

Answer 33

salivary duct obstruction

Question 34

narrowing or contraction of a passage

Answer 34

stenosis

Question 35

new tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled

Answer 35

tumor

Question 36

depressed lesion on the surface of the alimentary canal

Answer 36

ulcer

Question 37

a recurrent disorder causing inflammatory ulceration in the colon

Answer 37

ulcerative colitis

Question 38

twisting of a bowel loop on itself

Answer 38

volvulus

Question 39

diverticulum located just above the cardiac portion of the stomach

Answer 39

zenker diverticulum