Study Guide Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Martin Luther
A
German monk that triggered revolt against Church abuses
2
Q
Theocracy
A
Government system run by church leaders
3
Q
Ghetto
A
Dark sections of cities in which persecutions occurred
4
Q
Predestination
A
Idea that God has long ago predetermined who gains salvation
5
Q
Diet
A
Assembly/legislature
6
Q
Wittenburg, Germany
A
Northern German city in which 95 Theses was created
7
Q
John Calvin
A
French reformer that influenced Protestant reformation
8
Q
St. Teresa of Avila
A
Reorganized Spanish monasteries and lived in isolation
9
Q
Galileo Galilei
A
Invented telescope
10
Q
Isaac Newton
A
Set theory of gravity of laws and motions
11
Q
Ambroise Pare
A
Improved medical procedures, prevented infections
12
Q
Nicolas Copernicus
A
Heliocentric view of the universe
13
Q
St. Ignacius
A
Founder of the society of Jesus
14
Q
Immunity
A
Resistance to disease
15
Q
Divine right
A
Belief that authority to rule comes from God
16
Q
Philip II
A
King of Spain during their Golden Age
17
Q
Armada (Spanish Armada)
A
Fleet of ships that attacked England and were unsuccessful, began collapse of Spanish empire
18
Q
Louis XIV
A
King of France who also believed in divine right
19
Q
Absolute monarchy
A
Complete authority over the government and lives of people
20
Q
Intendant
A
Officials appointed by king to govern provinces and collect taxes
21
Q
Huguenots
A
French Protestants
22
Q
Inquisition
A
Period of questioning and court set up to try to hear people’s pleas
23
Q
Cabinet
A
Small division in which parliamentary advisors worked for king
24
Q
Mestizo
A
Person of European and Native American descent
25
Mercantilism
Policy of nation that exports more than it imports
26
Inflation
Economic cycle that involves sharp increase in prices and money that is available
27
Treaty of Paris
Agreement that ended French/Indian War and Seven years war and began British dominance of Americas
28
Capitalism
Economic system production and privately owned and operated for profit
29
Tariff
Tax on imported goods
30
French and Indian war
Part of Seven Years battle, between Britain and France in the Americas
31
Columbian exchange
Interaction of goods, ideas, diseases and plants b/w Old and New World
32
Peninsulares
Member of highest class in Spain’s colonies in the Americas
33
Compact
Agreement between people
34
Limited monarchy
Government in which constitution controls monarch’s powers
35
Oligarchy
Government in which ruling power belongs to a few
36
Westernization
Adopting ideas, technology and culture of the western world
37
Encomienda system
Native Americans faced harsh working conditions in labor work
38
Treaty of tordesillas
Allowed Portugal to claim Brazil and be out of Spanish empire
39
Balance of power
Distribution of military and economic power that prevents any nation from becoming strong
40
Constitutional monarchy
Government system whose power is defined and limited by law
41
Charles I
Absolute monarch, leader of the cavaliers
42
Oliver Cromwell
British army general and leader of the Roundheads
43
Peter the Great
Autocratic ruler in which port city is named after him
44
Catherine the Great
Ruthless absolute monarch, divides Poland, took reins from ineffective rulers
45
Laissez Faire
Allowing business to operate under minimal government interference
46
depopulation
Reducing population of Prussia and Austria through wars, mercenaries killing without pity and villages and crops destroyed
47
Edict of Nantes
Granted Huguenots religious freedom
48
French and Indian War between which two sides:
Britain and France
49
Versailles a symbol for:
The sun king's wealth
50
Encomienda system criticized by:
Fransisco Pizarro
51
Baron de Montesquieu
Criticized absolute monarchy and best way for liberty is to have three branches of gov’t
52
Adam smith
Economist believed in a free market should regulate and control business activity
53
Federal republic
Powers divided between federal and state governments
54
Scorched earth policy
Military tactic in which soldiers destroy everything in their path to hurt enemy
55
Congress of Vienna
European assembly that met after Napoleon’s era to rebuild Europe
56
Estate
A social class
57
Faction
dissenting group of people
58
Nationalism
Strong feeling of pride and devotion to one's country
59
Suffrage
The right to vote
60
Guerrilla warfare
Fighting carried through hit and run raids
61
Theory of population explosion
Theory of not enough food for the world population, pop. Increasing faster than food supply
62
Utilitarianism
Goal of society to bring happiness for the greatest number of citizens with individual freedom but minimal government interference
63
Imperialism
Domination by one country over another in political, economic and cultural life / aspects
64
Trench warfare
WWI warfare in which troops were protected from enemy in a dugout but exposed to rats and environment
65
Tripartite pact countries:
Japan, Germany, Italy
66
Truman doctrine and Marshall plan
Aided/assisted/helped Europe after WWII, limited communism from spreading
67
Containment
U.S. Policy in the prevention of communism spreading in Europe and world
68
Ho Chi Minh
Leader of north Vietnam- communist
69
European community
Established to eliminate trade barriers between European nation
70
38th parallel
Cease-fire line established between North and South Korea at the end of Korean War
71
Recession
Period of economic decline
72
Détente
Reduced Cold War Tensions in the 1970s between US and Soviet Union
73
Smelting
Separation of iron from its ore, was key in the development of steel, railroads, etc.
74
James Watt
Made the steam engine more efficient
75
Eli Whitney
Inventor of cotton gin
76
Encyclopedia
Written during the enlightenment period by Diderot
77
Zeppelin
Hot air balloon during WWI that carried poison gas
78
D-day
Turning point during WWII that allowed U.S. and allies to push Germany out of France
79
Axis power countries during WWII
Japan, Germany, Italy
80
Yalta countries "big three"
Roosevelt – U.S., Churchill – Britain, Stalin – Soviet Union
81
Industrial revolution factory work
Women and children worked in terrible conditions, long hours, safety issues were present
82
catholic response to Protestant movement
They responded by restoring church leadership
83
Defender of faith was
Henry VIII
84
English reformation endorsed
The Anglican religion of England
85
Catholic counter reformation pope
Pope Paul III
86
Spanish/Italian inquisition
Led to the persecution of Christian moors and the end of heresy
87
Themes of the Renaissance
Individuality, Questioning traditional religious ideas, Realism
88
English reformation factors
Act of Supremacy, English King is Head of Church, Monasteries dissoluted
89
Aspects of the Protestant reformation
Religious wars spread through England, the Inquisition strengthened, and the Catholic Reformation occurred
90
Council of Trent
Established Catholic tradition and dogma for the next four centuries and the validity of the seven sacraments and the existence of purgatory
91
Colombian exchange
Resulted in migration of millions of people, world population grows and new opportunities for many
92
Spain's golden age aspects
Emergence of art, literature, silver/gold wealth and key battles and growth of Roman Catholic Empire
93
America colonial life aspects
Plantation economy, rights for English citizens and self-government system emerged
94
Key point in Edict of Nantes
Huguenots are granted religious freedom
95
John Locke Expressed?
John Locke influenced?
Expressed: life, liberty and property
Influenced: American Revolution, Declaration of Independence, glorious revolution
96
Spanish and Portuguese winning souls was as important as ________
gaining land
97
English bill of rights
Grants all citizens natural rights
98
Layers of colonial society in Americas
Peninsulares = creoles = mestizos = mulattoes
99
Decline of Spain's Golden age
Overseas war drain wealth, gold/silver raise inflation, Spanish Armada defeated by British
100
Kings expanded power by __________
Marriage
101
French napoleon's legacy's
Better education for France, right to property for citizens, enabled America to expand (Louisiana Purchase)
102
American advantages during American Revolution
Familiar with geography/land, fighting for liberty
103
Primary reason of U.S. entering WWI
Zimmerman telegraph note about Germany assisting Mexico to reacquire lands lost
104
Imperialism motives
Political and military motives, weak non-Western states, Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest), humanitarian or religious motives
105
WWI ended how?
Germany seeks armistice to end war
106
League of Nations w/out U.S.
Weaker League of Nations, did not prevent future wars, caused WWII
107
Causes of the Great Depression
Dust bowl, overproduction of goods, uneven distribution of wealth, gold standard
108
Roaring twenties/ Harlem Renaissance
Sparked flappers, women rights, speakeasies, motion pictures, radio, radioactivity
109
Cold War aspects
Espionage (spying), economic warfare, North Vietnam was communist, South Vietnam was supported by U.S., Iron curtain, command economy, tension between U.S. and Soviet Union
110
How was the Cold War fought/Define Cold War:
Means/Aspects of Cold War:
Who were the players/actors in the Cold War?
Cold War varying details:
How was the Cold War fought/Define Cold War: The cold war was fought through threats, economic warfare, tension, hostility and spying.
Means/Aspects of Cold War: Espionage (spying), economic warfare, North Vietnam was communist, South Vietnam was supported by U.S., Iron curtain, command economy, tension between U.S. and Soviet Union
Who were the players/actors in the Cold War?: U.S., Soviet Union, Cuba, Vietnam (North and South Vietnam), North Korea/South Korea, Germany.
Cold War varying details:U.S. Dollars, military force, nuclear weapons race and threat, alliances between countries, propaganda and secret operations.
111
Imperialism
Domination by one country of the political, economical and cultural life of another country.
112
Nationalism
Strong feeling or pride and devotion for one’s country.
113
Militarism
Glorification and regards of using military as the ideal and supreme of the country.
114
How did all three “isms” affect history of the world: Give different examples
Imperialism – example – colonies established by U.S., Britain, France in India, Africa, islands.
Nationalism – example- Napoleonic wars, strong French influence to other parts of Europe, Life is Beautiful – example – Italian flags waved by people
Militarism – WWII – U.S. dropping atomic bombs in Japan
115
Indulgences
Pardon for sins committed during a person’s lifetime
