study guide page 6

Question 1

The speed of diffusion ______ with a thinner cell membrane.

Answer 1

increases

Question 2

______ is the movement of solute or water across the plasma membrane.

Answer 2

Transport

Question 3

Animals that respond the their external environment over many generations due to a change in gene frequencies are undergoing an __________

Answer 3

evolutionary response.

Question 4

When comparing between species, the key factor affecting metabolic rate is _______

Answer 4

animal size.

Question 5

The _________ divides an organism into 2 symmetrical, vertical planes; away from the line is lateral and towards it is medial.

Answer 5

median plane

Question 6

Rate of diffusion ________ as concentration gradient increases, and _______ as membrane thickness increases.

Answer 6

increases

decreases

Question 7

______ is the conversion of body water to gas, that releases heat from the animal and lowers body temperature.

Answer 7

Evaporation

Question 8

Salivary glands are more important in species that eat a ____ diet.

Answer 8

dry

Question 9

_______ are microbial waste products that can be absorbed by the ruminant.

Answer 9

VFA’s

Question 10

The _________ is any nervous tissue located outside of the brain and the spinal cord with 2 key divisions ( Somatic and Autonomic).

Answer 10

Peripheral Nervous system

Question 11

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms. This can be divided into _______ which is the constructive process, and ______ which is the destructive process.

Answer 11

Anabolism

Catabolism

Question 12

As body weight increases, the whole animal metabolic rate ______. As body weight increases, the weight specific metabolic rate ______

Answer 12

increases.

decreases.

Question 13

In the small intestine, during digestion, ______ moves digesta for short distances, followed by cycles of segmentation contractions.

Answer 13

peristalsis

Question 14

Groups of cells specialized for excretion (waste products) or secretion (synthesized compounds) is called a _____

Answer 14

gland.

Question 15

When comparing between species, the key factor affecting metabolic rate is _____. During digestion ____ moves digesta for short distances, followed by cycles of segmentation contractions.

Answer 15

animal size.

peristalsis

Question 16

Simple _______ epithelial cells form the wall of the GI tract

Answer 16

columnar

Question 17

________ means the constructive part of metabolism.

Answer 17

Anabolism

Question 18

_______ cells cannot store ATP.

Answer 18

Muscle

Question 19

The _________ is secreted by epithelial cells, sits on a non-cellular sheet of matrix called that basement membrane and is responsible for contacting the blood capillaries.

Answer 19

basolateral surface

Question 20

The anticipation of eating, also known as the ________ is when the parasympathetic nervous system activates gastrin and HCl.

Answer 20

cephalic phase

Question 21

Birds use _______ in order to vibrate the floor of the oral cavity to increase airflow over mucous membranes (physiological)

Answer 21

Gular fluttering

Question 22

_______ deliver signals from the Peripheral Nervous System to the Central Nervous System.

Answer 22

Sensory neurons

Question 23

A ______ is a junction between a neuron and either another neuron or a target cell.

Answer 23

synapse

Question 24

There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves lining both the left and right side of the body.
Rate of diffusion increases as concentration gradient increases, and decreases as membrane thickness increases.
Ruminants consume a high fiber diet to provide the majority of their ______ needs.

Answer 24

12

energy

Question 25

A nerve is a cluster of axons in the _____ while a tract is a cluster of axons in the _____

Answer 25

PNS CNS

Question 26

The connective tissue that surrounds a bundle of muscle cell is _______

Answer 26

perimysium.

Question 27

Growing a thicker hair coat is an example of a _____ response to environmental changes

Answer 27

Chronic

Question 28

________ is the growth by cells increasing in size.

Answer 28

Hypertrophy

Question 29

There are _____ neurotransmitter molecules in a quantal packet

Answer 29

5000

Question 30

The _____ is the primary site of microbial digestion in the cow and the _______ is the primary site of microbial digestion in the horse.

Answer 30

rumen large intestine

Question 31

The plane that divides an animal into cranial and caudal portions is called the _______

Answer 31

transverse plane

Question 32

Basal metabolic rate is used to compare the metabolism between two different animals. The three standardized conditions to measure basal metabolic rate are ______,______, and ______

Answer 32

rest, fasting, and thermoneutral zone

Question 33

In pilomotor response, an animal will ______ its hair when cold and _______ when hot.

Answer 33

erect compress

Question 34

______ are glial cells that take up and metabolize neurotransmitters that are no longer needed.

Answer 34

Astrocytes

Question 35

The spaces in between the myelin sheath insulator cells are called _______

Answer 35

Nodes of Ranvier.

Question 36

Smaller animals need ______ ATP to travel the same distance as a larger animal.

Answer 36

more

Question 37

Chewing is an example of _____

Answer 37

mastication.

Question 38

______ are bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 38

Nerves

Question 39

______ activates the pepsinogen in the stomach, making it pepsin.

Answer 39

HCL

Question 40

When a cell and a solution have the same tonicity, they are ______

Answer 40

Isotonic.

Question 41

Fight or Flight” responses are stimulated by the ________

Answer 41

Sympathetic Nervous System.

Question 42

Striated muscle appears ___________

Answer 42

Striped