Study guide pt 2

Question 1

1. Jacksonian Democracy

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Answer 2

Changes in Society: Industrial growth in the North; plantation expansion in the South.

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Answer 3

Class Tensions: Poorer Americans felt excluded from government, which seemed to favor the wealthy.

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Answer 4

Andrew Jackson’s Appeal: Supported by small farmers, settlers, and slaveholders; seen as a champion of the “common man.”

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Answer 5

Election of 1824: Jackson won the popular and electoral vote but not the majority—House chose John Quincy Adams. Jackson’s supporters were outraged.

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Answer 6

Voting Changes: More white men (even without land) could vote; free Black men were mostly still excluded.

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Answer 7

Political Shifts: Nominating conventions replaced caucuses; Democratic Party was formed; Jackson won in 1828.

Question 9

2. John C. Calhoun

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Answer 10

Vice President under Jackson from South Carolina.

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Supporter of Slavery: Believed it was vital to Southern life.

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Answer 12

Tariff Opposition: Hated the Tariff of Abominations, which hurt the South.

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Answer 13

States’ Rights Doctrine: States can nullify federal laws they find unconstitutional.

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Resigned as VP: Due to disagreements with Jackson; became a Senator and continued to support the South.

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3. Tariff of Abominations (1828)

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Purpose: Help Northern factories by taxing foreign wool and goods.

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Southern Opposition: South relied on trade and saw this tax as harmful to their economy.

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Result: Widespread Southern anger; contributed to the Nullification Crisis.

Question 21

4. States’ Rights Doctrine

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Answer 22

Belief: States have the power to govern themselves and reject federal overreach.

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Answer 23

Conflicts: Different state views on slavery, trade, and taxes created national tension.

Question 25

5. Nullification Crisis

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Answer 26

Cause: Southern anger over the Tariff of Abominations.

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Answer 27

Calhoun’s Protest: Wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest explaining nullification.

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Answer 28

South Carolina Threat: Talked about leaving the Union.

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Answer 29

National Conflict: Sparked fierce debates between North (anti-nullification) and South (pro-nullification).

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6. Second Bank of the United States

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Purpose: Stabilize the economy and regulate currency.

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Supporters: Believed it helped businesses and reduced inflation.

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Opponents: Felt it favored the wealthy and increased federal power.

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Jackson’s View: Hated the bank; thought it was unconstitutional and harmful to average Americans. He shut it down.

Question 37

7. Whig Party

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Formed in Opposition to Jackson: Believed he acted like a king.

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Beliefs: Wanted a weaker president and stronger Congress.

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Answer 40

Election Strategy (1836): Ran multiple candidates to split vote but failed.

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Success: Eventually won future elections and influenced American politics.

Question 43

8. Panic of 1837

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Economic Crisis: Banks failed, businesses closed, and unemployment rose.

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Answer 45

Causes: Jackson’s policies (especially ending the Second Bank) led to inflation and instability.

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Van Buren’s Presidency: He was blamed even though Jackson’s policies caused it.

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Impact: Severe hardship, especially for farmers and workers.

Question 49

9. Indian Removal Act (1830)

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Goal: Open land in the Southeast for white settlers.

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Policy: Forced Native American tribes east of the Mississippi River to relocate west to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma).

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Answer 52

Supporters’ Argument: Claimed it would reduce conflict.

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Answer 53

Reality: Caused suffering, loss of land, and displacement of Native people.

Question 55

10. Trail of Tears

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Answer 56

What Happened: Forced march of the Cherokee Nation to Indian Territory.

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Answer 57

Conditions: Over 800 miles; faced hunger, disease, and cold.

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Answer 58

Outcome: About 4,500 Cherokee died during the journey.