Study guide questions! Flashcards
(43 cards)
What were the primary innovations in music during the Middle Ages?
notation, Christianity was legalized and made official language, end of the middle ages Gutenberg press
Why is sacred music the best-preserved music of the era?
It was considered didactic.
How did the Church evolve and develop during the Middle Ages? How did its structure and organization relate to political and historical events?
Was specifically intertwined with the politics of the day, at first it was outlawed then it became legal, and turned into the religion of the world. shaping the future of the music
What Jewish traditions were adopted by the early Church?
The Jews used to read the Torah in a sing song voice rhythmically, it is how the early church began reading the psalms.
What are the basic characteristics of music in the early Church?
The basic chant was syllabic, melismatic, conjunct, direct, Latin, Monophonic, at first direct, narrow range, tends to be in (AAA BBB CCC)
What was the Church’s role in the creation of the Holy Roman Empire? When did this occur?
The crowning of the King by the Pope.
Why is the chant repertoire of the Roman Catholic Church referred to as Gregorian Chant?
They decided all chant was attributed to Pope Gregory to give unity.
became a legend that a dove came and whispered all this music, Pope Gregory
Who is responsible for transmitting Greek concepts of music theory and philosophy to the Middle Ages?
Martianus Minneus Felix Capella
Who was the most-revered music philosopher of the Middle Ages?
Botheaus
Explain the concepts of musica mundana, musica humana, and musica instrumentalis.
Musica mundane-music of the universe (music of the spheres/math), Muica Humana- human music (music inside), muica instrumentalis-instrument music
What did the treatise Musica Enchiriadis contribute to the development and understanding of music in the middle ages?
(Music Handbook) describes 8modes and provided exercises for polyphony. Directed at students who aspired to enter clerical orders. providing exercises that explain the consonances.
Who is D’Arezzo? When did he live and what did he do?
introduced a set of syllable corresponding
to the pattern of tones and semitones in the succession. He was a conductor and came up w. the Guidonian hand, where each knuckle represented a note.
What are the church modes? How many are there, and what defines them?
8 modes where the half step DEFG each mode note has two modes the first being the the lower mode the second being the higher end.
What is solmization?
ut, re mi fa, sol, la the original solfege
Can you explain the Divine Office and the Mass?
observances occupied several hours every day and night. taking the roles assigned to the choir or congregation in other churches
What were/are the most important events in the Church calendar?
Christmans, Easter,
What is the Liturgy?
The importance of spreading the gospel was mostly through the liturgy, the texts that were spoken or sung and the rituals that were performed during each service. The role of music was to carry those words, accompany those rituals, and inspire the faithful.
Why was the liturgy set to melodies?
the worshipers were more able to understand the words when they were sung and the melodies shaped/were shaped by the wordings.
How did the music highlight the text?
accented important words. were arch like phrases and beginning in a low range and rising into a higher range
Did the composer of chant have creative options? What were these?
Yes, recitation formulas, psalm tones, antiphons (AABBAA)
How does the liturgical tradition contrast with the tradition of (most) Protestant gatherings?
?
Why was the music a cappella?
because originally the church was persecuted and had to keep quite and the tradition has been continued
When was Gregorian chant standardized? What motivated the desire to make the music and liturgy of the church uniform and consistent?
Standardized in the ninth century to make the Church more uniform
What three new chant genres began to be added to the liturgy beginning around the 9th century?
tropes, sequences, and liturgical dramas
