- Meropenem - Imipenem - Doripenem - Ertapenem

Study guide questions Flashcards by Madison Denny

Time dependent Antibiotics

1) Beta lactams
2) Vancomycin
3) Macrolides
4) Tetracyclines

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Concentration dependent Antibiotics

1) Fluoroquinolones
2) Metronidazole
3) Aminoglycosides
4) Daptomycin

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Batericidal

1) Beta lactams
2) Vancomycin
3) Aminoglycosides
4) Oxazolidinones (strepto only)
5) Synercid
6) Fluoroquiolones

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Bacteristatic

1) Tetracyclines
2) Oxazolidinones
3) Macrolides/Lincosamides

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Penicillins (-cillin)

Penicillin G, V
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Amp/Sulb (Unasyn), Amox/Clav (Augmentin)
Nafcillin
Pip/Tazo (Zosyn)

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Cephalosporins (-Cef)

1) Cefazolin, Cephalexin
2) Cefoxitin, Cefotetan
3) Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime
4) Cefepime
5) Ceftaroline

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Monobactams (-nam)

-Aztreonam

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Carbapenems (-penem)

Meropenem
Imipenem
Doripenem
Ertapenem

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Glycopeptides

-Vancomycin

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Macrolides (-thromycin)

Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Erithromycin

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Lincosamides

-Clindamycin

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Aminoglycosides

-Gentamicin

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Oxazolidiones (-zolid)

Linezolid

- Tedizolid

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Tetracycline (-cycline)

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline

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Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems

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Protein synthesis inhibitors

Macrolides
Lincosamides
Aminoglycosides
Oxazolidinones
Tetracyclines

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Drugs that only cover gram positive

Penicillins

- Oxazolidiones

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Drugs that only cover gram negative

Aminoglycosides
Azteronam
Ceftazidime
Cipro

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Lincosamides (Clindamycin)

Covers B. frag

- Gram negative anaerob

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Aminoglycosides with cell wall synthesis inhibitors

-cover gram positive and negative!

Drugs that cover MRSA

1) Ceftaroline
2) Vancomycin IV
3) Clindamycin
4) Oxazolidinoes
5) Tetracyclines

Drugs that cover C. diff

1) Vancomycin PO

2) Metronidazole

Drugs that cover B. frag

1) Unasyn
2) Augmentin
3) Zosyn
4) Cefoxitin/ cefotetan (2nd gen cephalosporins)
5) Clindamycin

Drugs that cover P. aeruginosa

1) Zosyn
2) Ceftazidime
3) Cefepime
4) Aztreonam
5) Mero/Dori/Imipenem
6) Gentamicin

Drugs that cover Atypicals

1) Macrolides | 2) Tetracyclines

Drugs excreted by the liver

- Ceftriaxone - Clindamycin - Azithromycin - Nafcillin - Tigecycline - Moxifloxacin - Erythroycin - Doxycycline - Synercid

Drugs that can cross the BBB

- 3rd and 4th gen cephalosporins (IV) - Minocycline - Penicillin

Beta lactam MoA

- Covalently bind to transpeptidase | - Inhibiting cell wall formation

Cephalosporin Coverage

- No activity against enterococcus - 2nd gen covers B. frag - 3rd gen (ceftriaxone/ceftaxime) drug of choice for strep pneumo - Ceftazidime; no gram+ coverage, but does cover P. aerugnosa - Also is a strong beta lactamase inducer - 4th gen cefepime covers P. aeruginosa - 5th gen Ceftaroline covers MRSA

What does Aztreonam cover

- Aerobic gram negatives | - Including P. aeruginosa

Carbapenems coverage

- Gram positive, gram negative, and anaerobes - Works well on Enterobacter - Can cause seizures

Gentamicin coverage

- IMPROVES survival from gram negative sepsis | - Is an aminoglycoside

Vancomycin coverage

-Gram positive

Aminoglycoside + Vanco or beta lactam

- Work synergistically | - Treats enterococcal endocarditis

Protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to 50s subunit

1) Macrolides 2) Lincosamides 3) Streptogramins 4) Oxazolidinones

Protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to 30s subunit

1) Aminoglycosides | 2) Tetracyclines

Aminoglycoside MoA

- Works on 30s ribosome - Blocks the initiation complex formation - Stops proofreading and ribosomal translocation - Reversible - Bacteriostatic

Macrolides and Lincosamides MoA

- 50s ribosome - Blocks polypeptide exit tunnel - Reversible, bacteriostatic

Streptogramin MoA

- 50s ribosome - Inhibits elongation of protein - Interferes with polypeptide chain formation - Bactericidal

Oxazolidinones MoA

- Binds to 23s rRNA - Prevents ribosome assembly - Reversible, bacteriostatic

Limitation of Aminoglycosides

- To get into bug inner membrane they need oxygen - Useless against anaerobes - Only work on aerobic gram negative bugs - When combined with beta lactam or vanco gentamicin improves survival in aerobic gram negative sepsis

Post antibiotic effect (PAE)

-Can be caused by aminoglycoside therapy

Aminoglycoside Black box warnings

- Nephrotoxicity | - Ototoxicity

Tetracycline strength

- Great for atypicals a) Doxycycline- CAP, MRSA b) Minocycline- P. acnes, meningitis, STDs, MRSA

Azithromycin half life

- 60hrs - Purely intracellular - Does NOT interact with P450s - Prolongs QT interval

Clindamycin strengths

- Active against gram+ and anaerobes | - Works on MRSA

Clindamycin warning

-C. diff diarrhea

Synercid treats what

- Works on gram+ cocci except for E. faecalis | - VRE and MRSA

Oxazolidenones (Zyvox) MoA

- Protein synthesis inhibitor - Active agains gram+ bacteria only - Covers MRSA and E. faecium - Bacteriostatic except for streptococcus (bactericidal)