Study Material for Jan 29 Quiz Flashcards
(214 cards)
1
Q
What is the name for mature male goats?
A
Buck
2
Q
What is the name for mature female sheep?
A
Ewe
3
Q
What percent of income is spent on food for in home?
A
6.4%
4
Q
What types of meat are available?
A
Cattle, swine, poultry, horse, alpaca, antelope, kangaroo, etc.
5
Q
What is HTST Pasteurization?
A
High temp, short time; 161 degrees for 15 seconds
6
Q
What percent of people in the U.S. are in agriculture-related fields?
A
< 2%
7
Q
What types of milk are available?
A
Cattle, buffalo, yak, reindeer, goat, etc.
8
Q
What is collagen?
A
A connective tissue in animals
9
Q
What is the name for young male goats?
A
Buck Kid
10
Q
What percent of daily calories in the U.S. comes from animal products?
A
27%
11
Q
How are bacterial flavor defects prevented?
A
Proper cooling procedures and sound management practices
12
Q
What is the name for young female swine?
A
Gilt
13
Q
Which vitamins are usually fortified during milk processing?
A
A and D
14
Q
What is the name for mature male sheep?
A
Ram
15
Q
What are examples of monogastrics or modified monogastrics?
A
Dogs, cats, horses, chickens, swine, humans, rats, mice
16
Q
What is the name of the horse birthing process?
A
Foaling
17
Q
What surplus in milk helps offset corn deficiencies?
A
Lysine
18
Q
What is the name for newborn swine?
A
Pig
19
Q
Milk is a poor source of what minerals?
A
Fe, Cu, Mn, Na
20
Q
What is the annual value of manure and fertilizers?
A
$1 billion
21
Q
What is the consumption trend for butter?
A
Increasing
22
Q
What is the name for young male chickens?
A
Cockerel
23
Q
How many different varieties of cheese exist?
A
Over 400
24
Q
How is homogenization accomplished?
A
Milk is pumped through a series of screens under pressure that reduce the size of the fat globules
25
What is the name for castrated male goats?
Wether
26
What percent of calories does fat contribute to milk?
48%
27
What are examples of ruminants or modified ruminants?
Goats, deer, cattle, sheep, elk, bison, water buffalo, giraffes, yaks, camels
28
What is the genus for sheep?
Ovis
29
What percent fat must ice cream contain?
10%
30
What percent of fat does low-fat milk have?
1%
31
Why are phospholipids good emulsifying agents?
A portion of the molecule is water soluble and the other portion is fat soluble
32
What factors influence milk composition?
Species, breed, stage of lactation, stage of milking, feeds/feeding, diseases, genetics, season, and age
33
What is standardization?
The process of stabilizing the composition of commercially available milk by adding additional skim milk to reach desired fat content
34
What is the relationship between income and % protein consumption from animal products?
As income goes up, % protein goes up
35
What is the name for mature female dogs?
Bitch
36
What makes milk unique, in terms of its fatty acids?
Milk contains a high % of short chain fatty acids compared to other animal products
37
What types of cheese products are made from soft curds?
Cream cheese, cottage cheese, ricotta
38
What percentage of the world depends heavily on animal labor?
20%
39
What is reverse osmosis?
Process that concentrates milk (often for transport) by removing water
40
What is UHT Pasteurization?
Ultra high temp, 280 degrees for 2 seconds
41
What other constituents may be present in milk?
Enzymes, somatic cells, and leukocytes
42
What is the consumption trend for beef?
Decreasing
43
What is the consumption trend for cheese?
Increasing
44
What is lactose intolerance?
Bloating, nausea, and/or diarrhea caused by a deficiency in the lactase enzyme
45
What is the name for newborn sheep?
Lamb
46
What is the definition of "organic foods?"
Produced under National Organic Program (NOP) through USDA; highly regulated
47
What milk component is more present in colostrum than in other milk?
Albumins and globulins
48
What is the composition percentage breakdown of milk?
87% water, 3.8% fat, 2.8% caseins, 0.7% Albumin/globulin, 5% Lactose, 0.7% Ash
49
What country is the leading producer of chickens, swine, and sheep?
China
50
What type of eggs are available?
Chicken, turkey, duck, etc.
51
What is the name for mature male swine?
Boar
52
What percent fat must butter contain?
80%
53
What is the name of the cat birthing process?
Queening/Littering
54
What is the biological definition of milk?
The liquid normally secreted by female mammals for nourishment of their young
55
What percent of milk protein is whey proteins?
18%
56
Milk is a good source of what minerals?
K, Ca, S, P, Mg, Cl, Zn, Se
57
What are milk grades based on?
The facilities and sanitary conditions of producers
58
What is the genus for cats?
Felis
59
What is the consumption trend for pork, lamb, and fish?
Steady
60
How many farms were in PA in 2017?
2050 farms
61
What percent of fat does skim milk have?
< 0.5%
62
What percent of daily protein consumption in the world comes from animal products?
34%
63
What is the name for mature female cattle?
Cow
64
What is the percent of people in the world in agriculture-related fields?
43%
65
What is the name for newborn dogs?
Pup
66
What is the first milk produced by an animal called?
Colostrum
67
What is an unsaturated fat?
A fat with one or more double bonds between the carbons
68
In 2016, how many people did one farm worker supply with food?
143 to 150 persons
69
What is the name for mature female cats?
Queen
70
What is the name of the goat birthing process?
Kidding
71
What is the name for newborn cats?
Kitten
72
What is the name for castrated male swine?
Barrow
73
What is the name for mature female swine?
Sow
74
What are imitation products?
Products that look and taste like normal dairy products but are nutritionally inferior
75
How many pounds of milk are needed to produce a pound of butter?
21.2 lbs
76
What composes a phospholipid?
Glycerol, fatty acids, phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base
77
How many pounds of milk are needed to produce a gallon of ice cream?
12 lbs
78
What is the name for young male cats?
Kitten
79
What is acid curd formation?
An acid is added in order to precipitate out the caseins, forming a soft curd
80
What animal is the most common pet in terms of number of households?
Dogs
81
What form does lactose take in milk?
True molecular solution
82
What three minerals are heavily present in mature and fertilizers?
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium
83
What is pasteurization?
The process of heating milk to kill pathogenic bacteria
84
What is the name of the dog birthing process?
Whelping
85
What country is the leading producer of cattle?
India
86
What is enzyme curd formation?
The enzyme rennin hydrolyzes casein into paracasein, the caseins clot to form calcium paracaseinate, and a hard, elastic curd forms
87
What two things make up whey proteins?
Lactalbumin and lactoglobulin
88
What is the consumption trend for eggs?
Increasing
89
What is the name for newborn goats?
Kid
90
What is the name for young male sheep?
Ram lamb
91
What is the name for young female goats?
Doe Kid
92
Which animal is the most similar to humans?
Swine
93
What are cultured dairy products?
Products that involve the use of microorganisms in the production process
94
What are the different types of cream?
Half-and-half, light, light whipping, and heavy
95
What is the name for young male horses?
Colt
96
What percent of milk is Solids not Fat (SNF)
9.2%
97
What is the name for mature male cats?
Tom
98
What is a saturated fat?
A fat with all single bonds between the carbons
99
What percent of milk is proteins?
3.5%
100
What is separation?
The use of centrifugal force to separate milk components, like skim milk and cream
101
What is fortified milk?
Milk that has solids added back in to bring up the Solids-Not-Fat content
102
Which vitamins are water soluble?
B and C
103
What are the main contributions that animals make to people?
Food, labor, clothing/products, companionship/recreation, research/medicine, service animals
104
What percent of milk protein is made up of caseins?
82%
105
What is the name for young female cattle?
Heifer Calf
106
What percent of income is spent on food total (includes eating out)?
9.9%
107
What are the most recent statistics on saturated fat contributions from meat products and vegetables/oil?
26% from meat/poultry/fish, 53% from vegetables/oil
108
What is the name for castrated male chickens?
Capon
109
What is the ash in milk?
The minerals that exist in true solution as parts of salts and other molecules
110
What pasteurization method is most common in the U.S.?
LTLT
111
What is the fat globule membrane composed of?
Phospholipids, proteins, enzymes
112
What were the total pet expenses in 2019?
$75 billion
113
How is hydrolytic rancidity prevented?
Proper handling/storage, avoidance of excess agitation, pasteurization
114
What are the four storage conditions for milk?
Cool (under 40 degrees F), sanitary, odor-free environment, and no exposure to fluorescent light or sunlight
115
What is the genus for dogs?
Canis
116
What percent of fat does reduced fat milk have?
2%
117
What is the chemical composition of the fat in milk?
98-99% triglycerides, 0.2-1.0% phospholipids, 0.25% sterols, trace amounts of waxes, and vitamins A, D, E, and K
118
What are greases and tallow used to produce?
Soaps, feed, pharmaceuticals, candles, cosmetics, rubber
119
What does the hard curd contain?
Casein, calcium, water, albumins and globulins
120
What is the consumption trend for fluid milk?
Decreasing
121
What is the genus for chickens?
Gallus
122
Is there a quota system in the United States?
No
123
How are absorbed flavor defects prevented?
By not feeding aromatic feeds close to milking time and by not storing milk near aromatic products
124
What is the name for young female dogs?
Pup
125
What is the name for young male swine?
Boar Pig
126
What is the general fatty acid formula?
A central Carbon bonded to an OH group, double bonded to an Oxygen, and bonded to an R group
127
What does the leftover sweet whey from curd formation contain?
Water, lactose, minerals, albumins and globulins, and vitamins
128
What percent fat is standardized whole milk?
3.25%
129
What is the name for mature female goats?
Doe
130
What is the name of the chicken birthing process?
Hatching
131
What charge is associated with the fat globule membrane?
A negative charge
132
What percent of cheeses are made from hard curds?
80%
133
What is ultrafiltration?
Process that separates components based on molecular size
134
What is the name for mature male chickens?
Cock
135
What produces the various flavors of cheese?
Microorganisms
136
What for things help contribute to U.S. farm productivity?
Free Enterprise system, land and climate conditions, education system, and specialization
137
What percent of daily calories in the world comes from animal products?
18%
138
What is the name for castrated male horses?
Gelding
139
What are nutraceuticals (functional foods)?
Foods with added health benefits above original purpose
140
What was the average farm size in PA in 2017?
444 acres
141
What is the name for newborn horses?
Foal
142
How many pounds of milk are needed to produce a pound of cottage cheese?
6.2 lbs
143
Why is meat important (2)?
1. Meat has the closest match of amino acids to the human body
2. Meat supplies minerals and vitamin B12
144
What is the genus for cattle?
Bos
145
What milk grade is used for milk products?
Grade B
146
What is the name of the cattle birthing process?
Calving
147
What is the name for young female sheep?
Ewe lamb
148
What animals are used as test subjects for artificial organs?
Cattle, sheep, swine
149
What is a triglyceride?
A glycerol attached to three fatty acids
150
What are collagen and gelatin used to produce?
Food, glue, films, sausage casings
151
What is the genus for horses?
Equus
152
What animal is the most common pet in terms of number of animals owned?
Fish
153
What is the consumption trend for poultry?
Increasing
154
What is an absorbed flavor defect?
A feedy, cowy, or barn flavor is transferred from the feed or the the air into the bloodstream and into the milk
155
What is the overall dairy consumption trend?
Increasing
156
What was the leading meat in the U.S. in 2018?
Chicken
157
Which country breaks the trend between income and % protein consumption?
Argentina
158
What type of sugar is lactose?
A disaccharide (glucose + galactose)
159
What percent of the labor in developed countries is done by tractor?
82%
160
What is "pharming?"
The use of agricultural animals to produce pharmaceuticals, often through the animal's milk
161
What is the fat percentage range for cream?
10% to > 36%
162
What is xenotransplantation?
The transfer of animal tissue into humans
163
What is LTLT Pasteurization?
Low temp, long time; 145 degrees for 30 minutes
164
What are caseins contained in?
Micelles
165
What is the mileage range for "locally grown" products?
400 miles
166
How is oxidative rancidity prevented?
Stainless steel equipment and proper packaging/storage
167
What is the name for young female horses?
Filly
168
What is the name for castrated male sheep?
Wether
169
What is the name for castrated male cattle?
Steer
170
What is the name for young female chickens?
Pullet
171
What is the name for young male dogs?
Pup
172
What are the top five domesticated animals, in order?
Chickens, cattle, ducks, sheep, swine
173
What is the name for newborn chickens?
Chick
174
What is the name for mature male dogs?
Dog
175
What percent of the world's meat supply is produced by the U.S. and China?
50%
176
What are substitute products?
Products with similar nutrients to regular products but that are often missing one or more ingredients
177
What is an oxidative rancidity flavor defect?
A papery or cardboardy flavor caused by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids when the milk is introduced to light
178
What percent of the labor in developing countries is done by animals and humans?
78%
179
How many pounds of milk are needed to produce a pound of hard cheese?
10 lbs
180
What factors can influence the consumption of animal products?
Diet/health issues, consumer concerns, economics, and marketing
181
What is the genus for swine?
Sus
182
What is the name for mature female horses?
Mare
183
What is the name for mature male horses?
Stallion
184
What is the name of the swine birthing process?
Farrowing
185
How long does it take for a farm to fully become organic?
About 3 years
186
What form do proteins take in milk?
Colloidal dispersions
187
What is an emulsion?
A state in which two components do not fully mix together
188
What % of calories in milk come from proteins?
22%
189
What are vitamins?
Organic Catalysts
190
How is yogurt produced?
Through fermentation with lactobacillus bacteria
191
What is the name of the sheep birthing process?
Lambing
192
What is the consumption trend for yogurt?
Decreasing
193
What is the genus for goats?
Capra
194
What percent fat must eggnog contain?
6%
195
What is the name for mature male cattle?
Bull
196
What is a bacterial flavor defect?
An acid, putrid, or malty flavor caused by bacterial growth due to poor cooling or sanitation
197
What milk grade is used for fluid milk?
Grade A
198
What is the definition of "natural foods?"
Less regulated; product containing no artificial ingredient or added color and is minimally processed
199
What is the general formula of an amino acid?
2 carbon backbone, with one carbon attached to a H, an R group, and an NH2, and the other doubled bonded to an O and single bonded to OH
200
What is one of the problems with UHT pasteurization?
It can denature the milk proteins
201
Why does cream rise to the top of milk?
Specific gravities (fat has a value of 0.9, water a value of 1.0, milk a value of 1.03, and other solids a value of 1.5)
202
What is the name for young female cats?
Kitten
203
What percent of daily protein consumption in the U.S. comes from animal products?
64%
204
What is a milk allergy?
A reaction to specific milk proteins
205
What percent of milk is solids (dry matter)?
13%
206
What does ultrafiltration do?
Isolates food components that are highly specialized
207
What is the name for mature female chickens?
Hen
208
What was the leading meat worldwide in 2018?
Pork
209
Which vitamins in milk are fat soluble?
A, D, E, K
210
What does the fat globule membrane do?
Separates the fat from the water by keeping the fat inside and the water outside
211
What is a hydrolytic rancidity flavor defect?
A bitter or soapy flavor caused by the enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides
212
What is homogenization?
The process that involves reducing the size of fat globules so the milk fat does not separate
213
What is the name for newborn cattle?
Calf
214
What is the name for young male cattle?
Bull Calf
