Study of Gases and Gas laws. Flashcards
Interparticle spaces, interparticle attraction, volume of gases.
Maximum interparticle spaces, least almost null attraction and fills up the volume of the container it is contained in. Gases thus can be compressed to a high extent as well.
Pressure in gases.
Gas pressure is caused by the force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the surfaces of objects. Although the force of each collision is very small, any surface of appreciable area experiences a large number of collisions in a short time, which can result in a high pressure. In fact, normal air pressure is strong enough to crush a metal container when not balanced by equal pressure from inside the container.
How does the human body adapt to the pressure from the air? How does high altitude affect the human body?
The blood, pressure from the liquids and fluids within the body on the tissues and on the inside of the body result in negating the atmospheric pressure on the body.
As such, at lower pressures, such as during climbing a mountain or being in an aeroplane especially when the pressure is not being maintained artificially, the pressure by the body on the cells and tissues are not negated by the atmospheric pressure, that may result in the tissues and cells bursting, resulting in blood from the orfices.
What physical properties affect the pressure of a gas?
Temparature increases the number of collisions, Volume of the gas, and the density or the moles present affects the pressure of a gas.
What does Boyle’s law state?
Boyle’s law states the relationship between volume and pressure, such that P*V = k where k is a constant which may be different for different elements.
P1 * P2 = V1 * V2 is used to solve questions on change of pressure or volume.
Used in breathing and respiration in the lungs.
What does Charles law state?
Charles’ law states the relationship between volume and temparature, such that V/T = k where k is constant which may differ for different materials.
V1/T1 = V2/ T2.
What does Gay-Lussac law state? (Ik the name is weird)
Gay-Lussac law states the relationship between temparature and pressure, such that P/T = k, where k is constant and may differ for materials.
P1/T1 = P2/T2
What is the combined Gas law?
(P*V)/T
(P1 . V1) / T1 = (P2.V2)/T2, which is often used to set SATP and STP conditions.
Ocean divers need to maintain the amount of air trapped in the body and pressure.
Air in a corked piston/syringe.
Avagadro’s law.
Equal volumes of any gas at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.
V = k * n, where n is the number of moles of gas and k is constant for the same material.
What is an ideal gas?
For a gas to be “ideal” there are four governing assumptions:
The gas particles have negligible volume.
The gas particles are equally sized and do not have intermolecular forces (attraction or repulsion) with other gas particles.
The gas particles move randomly in agreement with Newton’s Laws of Motion.
The gas particles have perfect elastic collisions with no energy loss.
No gases are ideal, however, gases can be considered ideal at a particular conditions.
What is the ideal gas law?
PV = nRT, where R is considered as the ‘ideal gas constant’.
Use of ideal gases (3)
These gases are commonly used in anesthetics, which require accurate measurements to ensure the safety of the patient.
Ideal gases also have contributed to the study of surface tension in water, and provides for further research in liquid-gas surface interactions.
The ideal gas law can model the behavior of certain plasmas.
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The Ideal Gas Law and its behavior primarily serve as an initial step to obtaining information about a system.
How do gases interact with each other physically?
Gases tend to mix or diffuse into each other, especially due to the amount of spaces between the molecules and particles.
What is absolute zero on the Kelvin scale?
The temparature (theoretical) at which molecular motion completely ceases, or -273 degrees celcius, under which no temparature exists. (0 kelvin) No degree sign is used.
Units of volume:
m^3 (SI unit), millilitre (mL), cubic decimeter (dm^3), cubic centimeter cm^3, Litre (L)
(US System) Gallon (gal.), Pint(pt.), cup (c.), fluid ounce (fl oz.) , tablespoon and teaspoon.
