STUDY QUESTIONS Flashcards by Toni Mae Inductivo

The type of nephron responsible for renal
concentration is the:

A. Cortical
**B. Juxtaglomerular
C. Efferent
D. Afferent

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The function of the peritubular capillaries is:

A. Reabsorption
B. Filtration
C. Secretion
**D. Both A and C

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Blood flows through the nephron in the
following order

Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole,
peritubular capillaries, vasa recta

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Filtration of protein is prevented in the
glomerulus by:

A. Hydrostatic pressure
B. Oncotic pressure
C. Renin
**D. The glomerular filtration barrier

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The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
is responsible for all of the following except:

**A. Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
B. Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
C. Reabsorbing sodium
D. Releasing aldosterone

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The primary chemical affected by the
renin–angiotensin– aldosterone system is:

A. Chloride
**B. Sodium
C. Potassium
D. Hydrogen

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Secretion of renin is stimulated by

A. Juxtaglomerular cells
B. Angiotensin I and II
**C. Macula densa cells
D. Circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme

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The hormone aldosterone is responsible for:

A. Hydrogen ion secretion
B. Potassium secretion
C. Chloride retention
**D. Sodium retention

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The fluid leaving the glomerulus has a
specific gravity of:

A. 1.005
**B. 1.010
C. 1.015
D. 1.020

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For active transport to occur, a chemical
must:

**A. Combine with a carrier protein to create
electrochemical energy
B. Be filtered through the proximal convoluted
tubule
C. Be in higher concentration in the filtrate
than in the blood
D. Be in higher concentration in the blood than
in the filtrate

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Which of the tubules is impermeable to
water?

A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Descending loop of Henle
**C. Ascending loop of Henle
D. Distal convoluted tubule

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Glucose will appear in the urine when the:

A. Blood level of glucose is 200 mg/dL
B. Tm for glucose is reached
C. Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded
**D. All of the above

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Concentration of the tubular filtrate by the
countercurrent mechanism depends on all of
the following except:

A. High salt concentration in the medulla
B. Water-impermeable walls of the ascending
loop of Henle
C. Reabsorption of sodium and chloride from
the ascending loop of Henle
**D. Reabsorption of water in the descending
loop of Henle

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ADH regulates the final urine concentration
by controlling:

A. Active reabsorption of sodium
**B. Tubular permeability
C. Passive reabsorption of urea
D. Passive reabsorption of chloride

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Decreased production of ADH:

A. Produces a low volume of urine
**B. Produces a high volume of urine
C. Increases excretion of ammonia
D. Affects active transport of sodium

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Bicarbonate ions filtered by the glomerulus
are returned to the blood:

A. In the proximal convoluted tubule
B. Combined with hydrogen ions
C. By tubular secretion
**D. All of the above

If ammonia is not produced by the distal
convoluted tubule, the urine pH will be:

A. Acidic
**B. Basic
C. Hypothenuric
D. Hypersthenuric

Place the appropriate letter in front of the
following clearance substances:
A. Exogenous
B. Endogenous

beta2-microglobulin

Place the appropriate letter in front of the
following clearance substances:
A. Exogenous
B. Endogenous

creatinine

Place the appropriate letter in front of the
following clearance substances:
A. Exogenous
B. Endogenous

cystatin C

Place the appropriate letter in front of the
following clearance substances:
A. Exogenous
B. Endogenous

125I-iothalmate

The largest source of error in creatinine
clearance tests is:

A. Secretion of creatinine
**B. Improperly timed urine specimens
C. Refrigeration of the urine
D. Time of collecting blood specimen

Given the following information, calculate
the creatinine clearance:

24-hour urine volume: 1000 mL; serum
creatinine:
2.0 mg/dL; urine creatinine: 200 mg/dL
**69 mL/min

Clearance tests used to determine the
glomerular
filtration rate must measure substances that
are

A. Not filtered by the glomerulus
B. Completely reabsorbed by the proximal
convoluted
tubule
C. Secreted in the distal convoluted tubule
**D. Neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the
tubules

Performing a clearance test using radionucleotides:

A. Eliminates the need to collect urine B. Does not require an infusion C. Provides visualization of the filtration **D. Both A and C

Variables that are included in the MDRD-IDSM estimated calculations of creatinine clearance include all of the following except:

A. Serum creatinine B. Weight C. Age **D. Gender

An advantage to using cystatin C to monitor GFR is that:

A. It does not require urine collection B. It is not secreted by the tubules C. It can be measured by immunoassay **D. All of the above

Solute dissolved in solvent will:

A. Raise the vapor pressure B. Lower the boiling point C. Decrease the osmotic pressure **D. Lower the freezing point

Substances that may interfere with freezing-point measurement of urine and serum osmolarity include all of the following except:

A. Ethanol B. Lactic acid **C. Sodium D. Lipids

Clinical osmometers use NaCl as a reference solution because:

**A. 1 g molecular weight of NaCl will lower the freezing point 1.86°C B. NaCl is readily frozen C. NaCl is partially ionized, similar to the composition of urine D. 1 g equivalent weight of NaCl will raise the freezing point 1.86°C

The normal serum osmolarity is:

A. 50 to 100 mOsm **B. 275 to 300 mOsm C. 400 to 500 mOsm D. 3 times the urine osmolarity

After controlled fluid intake, the urine-to-serum osmolarity ratio should be at least:

A. 1:1 B. 2:1 **C. 3:1 D. 4:1

To provide an accurate measure of renal blood flow, a test substance should be completely

A. Filtered by the glomerulus B. Reabsorbed by the tubules C. Secreted when it reaches the distal convoluted tubule **D. Cleared on each contact with functional renal tissue

Given the following data, calculate the effective renal plasma flow:

72 mg/min

Renal tubular acidosis can be caused by the:

A. Production of excessively acidic urine due to increased filtration of hydrogen ions **B. Production of excessively acidic urine due to increased secretion of hydrogen ions C. Inability to produce an acidic urine due to impaired production of ammonia D. Inability to produce an acidic urine due to increased production of ammonia

Tests performed to detect renal tubular acidosis after administering an ammonium chloride load include all of the following except:

A. Urine ammonia **B. Arterial pH C. Urine pH D. Titratable acidity