Study Questions

Question 1

Primary peristalsis is initiated by

Answer 1

swallowing a bolus of food

Question 2

What is true about ion and water absorption by the intestine?

Answer 2

Intercellular spaces expand during water and ion absorption

Question 3

What is true about ammonia absorption and toxicity?

Answer 3

Lactulose produces H+ in the colon that prevents absorption of ammonia

Question 4

Hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 4

ammonia in high concentrations in blood (head pressing)

Question 5

Low intracellular concentration of Na is produced by

Answer 5

Na/K pump

Question 6

Animals with steatorrhea (fat in feces) can be managed by

Answer 6

Feeding short-chain fatty acids

Question 7

What is required to support normal colon function in herbivore?

Answer 7

Anaerobic environment
Availability of substrate
Prolonged retention time
Continuous buffering
Hydration

Question 8

Parotid salivary gland in horses

Answer 8

High in Ca

Mainly serous

Question 9

Example of negative feedback loop in control of secretion in alimentary tract?

Answer 9

Trypsin blocks secretion of CCK

Question 10

CORRECT relationships (enzymes)

Answer 10

Pancreatic amylase is responsible for digestion of starch

Secretion of proteolytic enzymes as zymogens protects the pancreas

Trypsinogen is activated by enteropeptidase in the duodenal mucosa

Pancreatic lipase is responsible for digestion of fat

Question 11

Trypsin degrades

Answer 11

CCK-releasing factor

Question 12

What is correct (cellular secretions)

Answer 12

Secretory vesicles are released from the apical surface of a pancreatic acinar cell

Extracellular agents that initiate secretion are neurotransmitters and hormones

Activation of a secretory cell by a hormone from an adjacent cell is a paracrine response

Question 13

Which groups of organs provide bicarbonate to buffer gastric contents as they enter duodenum?

Answer 13

Liver, pancreas, duodenum

Question 14

Which about the 3 mechanisms of communication that mediate responses in the GI tract is true?

Answer 14

Ach release from nerve endings usually mediates the response to a neurocrine effect

Question 15

Correct association between a hormone and a response from the pancreas

Answer 15

Gastrin and electrolyte secretion in horse

Question 16

Which pair of glands respond to secretin?

Answer 16

Liver, pancreas

Duodenum produces secretin, but doesn’t respond to it

Question 17

Conjugation of bile salts in cats

Answer 17

Requires taurine

Question 18

Effects of conjugating bile salts

Answer 18

Decreases pKa
Decreases passive absorption of bile salts by small intestine
Makes bile salts soluble in intestinal contents

Question 19

Bile salt flow to duodenum involves

Answer 19

enterohepatic circulation

Question 20

Correct relationship between structure and function in GI tract

Answer 20

Crypts and Cl secretion

Question 21

Alkalization of duodenal contents is important for which GI function?

Answer 21

Digestive enzyme activity

Question 22

Micellar solubilization is directly involved in one of the following steps in fat digestion and absorption

Answer 22

Diffusion of fatty acids and monoglycerides through the unstirred layer

Question 23

Fructose uses which Na-independent transporter

Answer 23

GLUT-5

Fructose is the only sugar that requires Na for transport

Question 24

Water absorption in jejunum

Answer 24

Not efficient

Question 25

Nursing animals have lactose to

Answer 25

Digest lactase, decreases with age

Question 26

Ca absorption is enhanced by

Answer 26

Ca-binding protein

Question 27

Proteins can be absorbed as

Answer 27

Dipeptides, tripeptides, and AA

Question 28

What is false about plasma iron

Answer 28

Low plasma iron indices synthesis of iron-binding protein in migrating epithelial cells

Question 29

Complex carbs

Answer 29

Indigestible in SI | Used to prevent colonic absorption of ammonia

Question 30

Diarrhea by E. coli

Answer 30

Fluid loss can be treated by oral solutions that contain glucose

Question 31

Microvilli

Answer 31

Project from apices of surface epithelial cells | Contribute to surface digestion and absorption in the SI

Question 32

Products of CHO digestion are absorbed as

Answer 32

monosaccharides

Question 33

Normal gastric emptying influenced by

Answer 33

High caloric density pH Osmolality CCK

Question 34

Enterosystemic cycle

Answer 34

Conserves water and volume through colonic absorption of water and ions

Question 35

Salmonella interferes with

Answer 35

Colon ability to absorb water and causes diarrhea

Question 36

Osmolality of hypertonic meals changes as it passes from stomach to jejunum

Answer 36

Hypertonic in stomach, isotonic duodenum, isotonic jejunum

Question 37

Functions of salivation in rumen

Answer 37

Moistens and lubricated foodstuff, alkalization of rumen contents, adds water

Question 38

Hyperbilirubinemia and icterus happens fastest in equine after

Answer 38

Fasting

Question 39

Basic underlying electrical activity of SI motility

Answer 39

Slow waves

Question 40

Peyers patches are responsible for

Answer 40

Immune surveillance of intestinal lumen

Question 41

What would play a positive role in resolving a mild obstruction in the esophagus of a horse?

Answer 41

Secondary peristalsis