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Flashcards in study sciences Deck (19)
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0
Q

what is a case study?

A

an article that describes and interprets an individual case often written in the form of a detailed story

1
Q

what is the hierarchy of studies from least important to most important?

A
case report
case control study
cohort study 
randomized control trial
practice guidelines
systematic review
meta-analysis
2
Q

what is a case control study?

A

compares pts w/ diseases w/ pts who don’t have them and looks back RETROSPECTIVELY to determine risk factors

3
Q

what is a cohort study?

A

one or more samples are followed PROSPECTIVELY and evaluations about disease are conducted to determine risk factors

4
Q

what is a randomized controlled trial?

A

randomly assigns participants into an experimental group or control group w/ the only difference the outcome variable

5
Q

what are practice guidelines?

A

statement that outlines current best practice to inform health care professionals and patients in making clinical decisions

6
Q

what is a systematic review?

A

comprehensive review of all relevant studies on a particular clinical or health-related topic/question

7
Q

what is a meta-analysis?

A

systematically combining pertinent qualitative and quantitative study data from several selected studies to develop a single conclusion that has greater statistical power

8
Q

what is a Type 1 (alpha) error?

A

null hypothesis true in reality

research the alternative hypothesis is true

9
Q

what is a type 2 (beta) error?

A

alternative hypothesis is true in reality

the null hypothesis is true in research

10
Q

what is a P-value and what value is statistically significant?

A

states how unlikely it is that the result occurred simply by chance if the null hypothesis is true
<0.05

11
Q

what is the formula for RR (relative risk)?

A

(risk of treatment group)/ (risk of non-treatment group)= RR

12
Q

what is the formula for ARR (absolute risk reduction)?

A

(risk of non-treatment group)- (risk of treatment group)= ARR

13
Q

what is the formula for RRR (relative risk reduction)?

A

ARR/ (risk of non-treatment group)= RRR

14
Q

what is the formula for NNT (number needed to treat)?

A

100/ARR= NNT

15
Q

What is the formula for Odds Ratio?

A

(procedure 1 outcome 1/ procedure 1 outcome 2) (procedure 2 outcome 1/ procedure 2 outcome 2)

*1= no statistical difference b/w groups

16
Q

Correlation does NOT EQUAL __________

A

Causation

17
Q

What is correlation?

A

the magnitude of the relationship b/w different variables

18
Q

what is regression?

A

makes a prediction or causal inference