Study unit 9: humans and their encounters with crime Flashcards
list the different types of crime
• political crimes
Political crimes are acts considered to pose a threat to the state, such as treason,
espionage, sedition, terrorism and refusal to do compulsory military service
(conscription). These crimes are often regarded as the most serious, because they
constitute an attack against the public order
• state crimes
• war crimes
War crimes take place within the context of a violent conflict between two or more
hostile political entities that wish to achieve certain goals through the application of
armed force.
• violent crime
violent crimes, which are crimes
in which force or the threat of force is used against a victim. These are also referred
to as contact crimes. They include murder or intentional homicide; culpable homicide;
aggravated robbery, such as armed robbery; house and business robbery; and car
hijackings
• white-collar crime
refers to nonviolent crime usually committed by
people in positions of trust in terms of both their occupation and social standing (thus
by people belonging to the upper class). These crimes usually include fraud, corruption,
money laundering, forgery, embezzlement, cyber crime, asset misappropriation,
insurance fraud and wilful overcharging, and they usually affect the financial
performance of business organisations.
• environmental crime
Environmental crime includes a number of actions that endanger the environment, such
as the illegal trade in wildlife, illegal fishing and pollution, particularly by toxic waste.
These crimes are usually organised and transnational
• organised crime
“a continuing
enterprise, apart from traditional and legal social structures, within which a number
of persons work together under their own hierarchy to gain power and profit for their
private gain, through illegal activities”
define aparthied
“apartheid” as “inhuman acts committed for the purpose of establishing and
maintaining domination by one racial group of persons over any other racial group of
persons and systematically oppressing them
