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1
Q

What is the main goal of different production techniques and systems?

A

To ensure that products are manufactured efficiently and cost effectively.

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2
Q

What is a characteristic of standardised production?

A

The same design and components are used across many designs.

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3
Q

List two advantages of standardised production.

A
  • Consistent safety and quality
  • Speeds up product development
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4
Q

What is a disadvantage of standardised production?

A

Difficult to customise components.

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5
Q

In standardised production, how can the workforce be trained?

A

Easily trained to deal with standard components.

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6
Q

What does Just-in-time (JIT) production rely on?

A

Computerised stock control ensures parts are only received when needed.

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7
Q

What is a potential drawback of Just-in-time production?

A

Any break in the supply chain holds up production.

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8
Q

What is one advantage of JIT production related to production runs?

A

Enables changes to production runs to meet demand.

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9
Q

What does lean manufacturing focus on?

A

Reducing or eliminating waste in design, manufacturing, distribution, and customer services.

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10
Q

What is a disadvantage of lean manufacturing?

A

Requires time-consuming data analysis.

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11
Q

What is batch production?

A

A set number of products are manufactured in limited quantities or for a limited time.

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12
Q

Give an example of batch production.

A
  • Olympic medals
  • Books with limited print run
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13
Q

What is a benefit of using multi-skilled teams in batch production?

A

Improves efficiency as workers share their skills and expertise.

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14
Q

What is a disadvantage of batch production?

A

Downtime when reconfiguring the production system.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Standardised components can lead to _______.

A

[Quality of a product may suffer]

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16
Q

True or False: Lean manufacturing requires disruptive changes to existing processes.

A

True

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17
Q

What is one of the cost advantages of standardised production?

A

Cost saving.

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18
Q
A
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19
Q

What is the impact of new and emerging technologies on people, culture, and society?

A

They have maximized output, reduced prices, and improved product quality, but also caused a decline in traditional skills.

Traditional skills include the production of handmade goods.

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20
Q

List the benefits of introducing new technology to industry.

A
  • Cutting costs by changing to more efficient manufacturing methods
  • Products being brought to market more quickly
  • Easier manipulation of information to reduce material and stock holding
  • Decrease in human error
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21
Q

What negative impact can robotics and computers have on employment?

A

They reduce the need for manual input, making lower-skilled assembly line jobs redundant.

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22
Q

What is the workforce skill set?

A

The need for employees to take greater personal responsibility for acquiring and updating their skills following the introduction of new technologies.

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23
Q

What demographic movement may occur due to new technologies?

A

Younger workers may move to jobs involving new or specialist technologies, causing some areas to lose people while others gain them.

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24
Q

List the advantages for countries losing people due to demographic movement.

A
  • Fewer people to house and feed
  • Reduced pressure on jobs and resources
  • Extra income may be sent back home
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25
List the disadvantages for countries losing people due to demographic movement.
* Loss of young and most able people * Loss of those with good education and skills * Families become divided
26
List the advantages for countries gaining people due to demographic movement.
* Labour shortages can be overcome * Migrants often prepared to take lower paid jobs * Adds cultural diversity
27
List the disadvantages for countries gaining people due to demographic movement.
* Language problems or other barriers to integration * Pressure on housing and health services
28
What role do science and technology parks play in supporting new technologies?
They enable businesses to associate with centers of knowledge, promoting technology-led economic development.
29
What is an example of a successful science and technology park?
Silicon Valley, transformed by emerging technology firms linked to Stanford University.
30
What environmental concern is associated with the establishment of science parks?
They may encroach on green field areas, resulting in habitat loss for wildlife.
31
Define demographic movement.
The way in which the population's structure changes, such as due to an ageing community or migration.
32
What are non-renewable energy sources?
Fossil fuels formed from the remains of animals and plants that cannot be replenished quickly.
33
How is coal converted into energy?
Heat energy and hot gases convert water into steam which powers a turbine to create high-voltage electricity ## Footnote Smaller amounts are used as a domestic heat source.
34
What is one way oil is processed for energy?
Processed and split into petroleum products such as petrol, paraffin, and diesel.
35
How does burning gas generate electricity?
Burning gas can power turbines, with the waste heat powering a steam turbine.
36
What is a domestic use of natural gas?
Heating or cooking.
37
How do emissions from natural gas compare to coal?
Natural gas emits carbon dioxide at half the rate of coal.
38
List two advantages of using fossil fuels.
* Stable, large-scale, and high-power electricity generation * Relatively cheap to extract and convert
39
List two disadvantages of using coal.
* Emits pollution such as carbon dioxide, sulfur, mercury, selenium, and arsenic * Mining impacts significantly on the landscape
40
What is a disadvantage of oil power plants?
They are highly polluting.
41
What is an environmental risk associated with oil extraction?
Environmental disasters.
42
Fill in the blank: Coal power plants are expensive to implement technologies that reduce _______.
emissions.
43
True or False: Burning gases is cleaner than burning coal or oil.
True.
44
What are the key factors to consider when selecting a power source?
* Methods of generating energy * How energy is stored * Environmental impact * Reliability and cost
45
Explain two reasons why coal is classed as a non-renewable energy source.
1. Coal is formed from ancient biological material that cannot be replenished quickly. 2. It is finite and will eventually run out.
46
When is it estimated that non-renewable energy sources are likely to run out if current usage continues?
This requires research on current usage trends.
47
What is continuous production?
Manufacturing of identical high-demand products, 24 hours a day ## Footnote Continuous production is designed for high-volume output with minimal interruptions.
48
What is one-off production?
A single, unique product made by skilled workers ## Footnote This method is often used for bespoke items or specialized projects.
49
What is mass production?
Efficiently and consistently producing many products at a low cost per unit ## Footnote Mass production typically involves automation and sequential assembly.
50
Provide an example of continuous production.
Production of sheet materials, such as glass, or standard components, such as nuts and bolts ## Footnote These products are often produced in large quantities to meet high demand.
51
Provide an example of one-off production.
Complex, large-scale products (e.g. a yacht) or smaller-scale crafted products (e.g. specialist furniture) ## Footnote These items often require skilled craftsmanship and are made to order.
52
What is a key advantage of continuous production?
Removes the cost of stopping and starting the production process ## Footnote This leads to increased efficiency and productivity.
53
List two advantages of mass production.
* Materials can be cheaper in high quantities * High-quality products ## Footnote These advantages arise due to economies of scale and standardized processes.
54
What is a disadvantage of mass production?
Automation can lead to staff redundancy ## Footnote As processes become automated, fewer workers are needed, which can result in job losses.
55
What is a disadvantage of one-off production?
Products are expensive as cost of materials is higher and production is labour intensive ## Footnote This method typically requires more time and skill, raising overall costs.
56
Fill in the blank: A fault in production can stop the whole _______.
process ## Footnote This highlights the risk associated with continuous production systems.
57
What is a disadvantage of continuous production regarding flexibility?
Low flexibility in changing product/design ## Footnote Continuous production systems are often designed for specific products.
58
What are initial set-up costs typically like for one-off production?
High ## Footnote This can be a barrier to entry for smaller businesses or new projects.
59
Fill in the blank: If a production line breaks, manufacture is _______.
halted ## Footnote This highlights the vulnerability of automated production systems.
60
What percentage of the UK's electricity is produced by renewable energy sources?
20 percent ## Footnote Renewable energy sources are crucial for reducing carbon emissions.
61
What is biomass?
Organic matter derived from organisms, such as wood, crops, rubbish, landfill gas and alcohol fuels ## Footnote Biomass can be used directly via combustion to produce heat or converted to electricity.
62
How can biodiesel be used?
In diesel-powered vehicles without modifying the engine ## Footnote Biodiesel is made from natural elements such as plants, vegetables, and fermented waste cooking oil.
63
How do tidal energy systems generate electricity?
Turbines generate electricity from the movement of tidal water ## Footnote Artificial tidal barrages are constructed to trap and release water through turbines.
64
What is the main function of wind turbines?
To create electricity through a generator by spinning a shaft with propeller blades ## Footnote Wind energy is a renewable source that can be variable.
65
What do solar photovoltaic panels do?
Convert sunlight into electricity ## Footnote Solar thermal power plants use the sun's rays to heat a fluid and produce steam.
66
What is hydroelectric power?
Electricity generated from a dam that traps water flowing through tunnels to turn turbines ## Footnote Hydroelectric power is a reliable renewable energy source.
67
Define photovoltaics.
Using solar cells to generate electrical power by converting energy from the sun ## Footnote This technology is essential for solar energy applications.
68
List advantages of biomass energy.
* Waste from plants and farming can be used * Does not give off harmful chemicals ## Footnote Biomass is a renewable energy source that utilizes organic waste.
69
List disadvantages of biomass energy.
* Large areas needed to cultivate crops * Emits fumes that add to global warming ## Footnote The cultivation of biomass can have environmental impacts.
70
List advantages of tidal energy.
* No emissions * Predictable and stable tides * Can have secondary purposes like a bridge ## Footnote Tidal energy is a reliable renewable resource.
71
List disadvantages of tidal energy.
* Large barrages may have an ecological impact * Expensive to build * Could restrict shipping traffic ## Footnote Tidal energy systems can disrupt local ecosystems.
72
List advantages of wind energy.
* Freely available * Can be used in remote areas * No emissions ## Footnote Wind energy is a clean source of energy but can be unpredictable.
73
List disadvantages of wind energy.
* Wind can be unpredictable * Wind farms are often regarded as unsightly * Expensive to set up ## Footnote The visual impact of wind farms can be a concern for communities.
74
List advantages of solar energy.
* Reliable source of power in warmer countries * Homes can have their own electricity generation * Large amount of low-cost power ## Footnote Solar energy can significantly reduce electricity costs.
75
List disadvantages of solar energy.
* Expensive to set up * Effectiveness depends on geographical location * Construction may damage the environment ## Footnote Solar farms require careful planning to minimize ecological disruption.
76
Fill in the blank: Photovoltaics are used to generate electrical power by converting energy from the _______.
sun ## Footnote This process is essential for solar energy technology.

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