Stuff To Learn 2.1 - 2.5

Question 1

Abstraction

Answer 1

Removing unnecessary detail from a problem - So you can then focus on essential components

Question 2

Decomposition

Answer 2

Involves breaking down large problems into smaller sub-problems which can then be broken even further until each small task is manageable

Question 3

Algorithmic Thinking

Answer 3

Logical way of getting from a problem to a solution - If the steps you take follow an algorithm this can be used again in the future

Question 4

What will output from an AND gate

Answer 4

Will only have an output of 1 if both A and B are 1

Question 5

What will output from an OR gate

Answer 5

It will have an output of 1 if either A or B are 1

Question 6

What happens at a NOT gate

Answer 6

It inverts/swaps the input

Question 7

Normal testing?

Answer 7

Data the user is likely to enter into the program

Question 8

Boundary testing?

Answer 8

Values at the limit of what the program should be able to handle

Question 9

Invalid Testing

Answer 9

Inputs with correct data type that should be rejected by the program

Question 10

Erroneous Testing

Answer 10

Inputs with an incorrect data type that should be rejected by the program

Question 11

Iterative testing?

Answer 11

Tests modules and parts of a program as the program is developed

Question 12

Final/Terminal testing?

Answer 12

Tests the whole program at the end of production

Question 13

Examples of Low level languages

Answer 13

Assembly language, Machine Code

Question 14

Examples of High Level Language

Answer 14

Java, VB P, C++, Python

Question 15

Advantages of Low Level Languages

Answer 15

Can run very quickly
Usually requires less RAM
Statements can be used to control and manipulate specific hardware components

Question 16

Advantages of High Level Languages

Answer 16

Easier to learn
Programs can be written faster
Easier to understand and debug

Question 17

Disadvantages of Low Level Language

Answer 17

Harder to learn
If written for one type of processor it won’t work a.different type of processor

Question 18

Characteristics of compiler

Answer 18

Translates whole program to produce object code

Compiled program executes faster - Already in machine code

No need for compiler to be present when object code is run

Customers that have bought commercial software cannot see the code when they buy it so it cannot be adapted.

Question 19

Characteristics of an Interpreter

Answer 19

Translates and executes one line at a time

Takes more time to execute as each instruction is translated

Interpreter must be installed to run program

Customers can see the source code so they can adapt it or see how it works

Question 20

Features of an IDE(Integrated Development Environment)

Answer 20

Line Numbers = When errors are found - Line numbers that they occur on will be told

Syntax Highlighting = Colour of text changes to show different parts of the program

Error Diagnostics = Help programmers find where they have made a mistake

Debugging code = Breakpoints(Set up by the programmer) used so that the IDE stops the program mid-way through running

Run-time environment = Allows a programmer to test their program while it is running

Question 21

Interpreters and Compilers are types of?

Answer 21

Translators

Question 22

What does the circular edged rectangle represent in flowcharts?

Answer 22

Start and Stop

Question 23

What does the rectangle represent in flow charts?

Answer 23

Operation(Process)

Question 24

What does the square shaped diamond represent in flowcharts?

Answer 24

Decision(IF Statement)

Question 25

What does the parallelogram represent in flowcharts?

Answer 25

Input & Output

Question 26

What does the rectangle with lines of equal length going down the sides represent in flowcharts?

Answer 26

Subroutine

Question 27

What does the arrow represent in flowcharts?

Answer 27

Direction of flow