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Forensic sci > stupid - Ch 3 study > Flashcards

stupid - Ch 3 study Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What are some advances in hair analysis?
A

isotope ratio mass spectrometry and neutron activation analysis

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2
Q
  1. what DNA can you determine with hair
A

nuclear and mitochondrial

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3
Q
  1. What does gas chromatography do?
A

can identify and quantify drugs, toxins, and heavy metals and even assess nutritional deficiencies.

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4
Q
  1. what does the unique structure of hair help forensic scientists determine?
A

if it is human or nonhuman

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5
Q
  1. what is mitochondrial DNA
A

DNA that can be used to reveal family relationships and inherited through maternal lineage

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6
Q
  1. What part of hair is class evidence?
A

Physical characteristics of hair, such as length, color, thickness, curly or straight, provide class evidence.

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7
Q
  1. what part of the hair contains nuclear DNA
A

the follicle or root. Hair with attached follicles or root contain nuclear DNA

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8
Q
  1. Why is hair a source of evidence?
A

Hair’s tough outer coating prevents hair from easily decomposing and can provide a source of evidence long after soft tissue has decomposed.

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9
Q
  1. What is a limitation of using hair as evidence?
A

It is not possible to determine when the hair was left. Could have been a week before or something.

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10
Q
  1. When did scientists first use hair analysis to trace evidence of criminals?
A

In the late 1800’s

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11
Q
  1. What murder case involved the investigation of hairs?
A

The murder of the Duchesse de praslin in Paris in 1847 involved hair analysis investigation

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12
Q
  1. What are the three stages of a hair cycle?
A

Anagen, catagen, telogen

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13
Q
  1. What happens in the anagen stage?
A

Lasts 100 days. Hair grows actively in this stage

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14
Q
  1. Catagen stage
A

hair stop growing and follicle recedes as the blood supply is reduced

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15
Q
  1. Telogen stage
A

hair follicle is dormant and resting and hairs are easily lost in this stage

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16
Q
  1. In what stage is hair most found?
A

Telogen stage, as the hair starts to fall and leaves trace evidence

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17
Q
  1. What are the two parts of a hair
A

a follicle and a hair shaft

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18
Q
  1. Which part of hair contains mitochondrial DNA?
A

Hair shaft

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19
Q
  1. What is the hair shaft composed of
A

keratin

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20
Q
  1. What does keratin do
A

makes the hair strong and flexible

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21
Q
  1. What three layers is hair shaft made up of
Study These Flashcards
A

Inner medulla, cortex, and outer cuticle(pencil analogy)

22
Q
  1. What is the function of a cuticle
Study These Flashcards
A

The cuticle is a transparent outer layer of the hair shaft that protects the inner layers of the hair.

23
Q
  1. What type of scale pattern is human hair
24
Q
  1. Which part of the hair contains most melanin granules
25
25. What are the 5 medulla patterns
Continuous, interrupted(even), fragmented(uneven), solid, none
26
26. What does cross section of hair do
influence the curl of hair
27
27. What are the cross sections of hair
circular, triangular, irregular, flattened
28
28. What are the six types of hair on the human body
head hair, eyebrows and lashes, beard and mustache, underarm, body, pubic
29
29. What cross section shape does head hair have
generally circular or elliptical
30
30. What cross section shape does eyebrow or eyelash hair have
also circular but sometimes taper ending
31
31. What cross section shape does beard hair have
thick and triangular
32
32. What cross section shape does body hair have
elliptical or triangular
33
33. What cross section shape does pubic hair have
oval and triangular
34
34. What can damage mtDNA
peroxide in bleaching hair
35
35. What rate does human hair grow in
1.3 cm per month
36
36. How is pattern of pigmentation different in nonhuman hair
it is more denser towards the medulla, while in human hair it is more denser towards the cuticle
37
37. How does the medullary index determine if it is non-human or human
if the index is 0.5 or greater, the hair came from an animal. If the index is less than 0.33, then hair is from humans.
38
38. How is cuticle of non-human hair different
they either have coronal or spinous cuticles, while humans have imbricate
39
39. What is European hair like
generally straight or wavy, There are small granules evenly distributed. The cross section is oval or round.
40
40. How is asian hair like
straight, the pigment granules are densely distributed. The cross section is round with large diameter
41
41. What is African hair like
kinky, curly, or coiled. The pigment granules are densely distributed. The cross section is flattened with small diameter
42
42. What does light microscopes provide in hair analysis
Light microscopes provide enhanced and detailed images of hair
43
43. What is a phase contrast for hair analysis
used to determine if a suspect's hair is consistent with a crime-scene hair.
44
44. What are microscopic characteristics
length, color, and curliness. Also characteristics include pattern of Medulla, pigmentation, and types of cuticle scales
45
45. What is fluorescence
absorbed light being reemitted in a different wavelength of light
46
46. What is chemical analysis
Doing chemical analysis will help establish a timeline of a suspects or victims exposure to toxins or drugs
47
47. If toxin is found 9 cm from hair root, how many months has it been since the person has begun taking toxins?
6 months
48
48. What is isotope signature
water and food from a specific location will have a unique ratio on the isotope
49
49. If there is no follicle or root, what DNA can you use instead?
mtDNA
50
50. What is neutron activation analysis method
determining concentrations of elements in materials. It creates radioactive decay paths that identify and used to date archeological specimens, gunshot residue, arsenic in hair, and geographic locations

Forensic sci (2 decks)

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