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SUBCUTANEOUS Flashcards

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1
Q

● “Inoculation mycoses”

A

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

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2
Q

copper-colored, septate cells

A

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

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3
Q

● “Sclerotic bodes”

A

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

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4
Q

appear to be dividing by binary fission and
resemble copper pennies.

A

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

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5
Q

cause hyperplasia of the epidermal layer of
the skin, mistaken as squamous cell carcinoma.

A

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

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6
Q

MOST COMMON CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS SPECIES

A

Fonsecaea pedrosI

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7
Q

characterized by the development of a papule at the
site -> warty or tumorlike lesions (capable of
spreading through the lymphatic system)

A

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

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8
Q

Produce long chains of budding,
often fusiform, conidia (blastoconidia) that have a
dark septal scar.

A

cladophialophora

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9
Q
  • short, flask-shaped to tubular
    phialides, each with a well-developed collarette
A

Phialophora

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10
Q

wooly and olive-brown to
brownish gray; some strains may appear to
have concentric zones of color.

A

Phialophora spp.

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11
Q

phialides with distinct flattened or saucerlike
collarettes

A

Pleurostomophora richardsiae

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12
Q

produce either or both hyaline
elliptical conidia or brown elliptical
conidia within the phialides.

A

Phialophora

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13
Q

produces deeper, more cupor
flask-shaped phialides

A

○ Phialophora verrucosa

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14
Q

○ singlecelled conidia are produced on denticles that arise from all sides of conidiophores (sympodically).

A

Rhinocladiella-type sporulation

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15
Q

type of sporulation with long chains of elliprical
conidia (2-3 um × 4-5 um) borne from erect, tall,
branching conidiophores

A

Cladophialophora

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16
Q

produces phialides, each with
a distinct cup- or flask-shaped collarette

A

P. verrucosa

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17
Q

produces phialides with a flattened collarette
(Figure 60-4). Conidia are produced endogenously and oc-
cur in clusters at the tip of the phialide.

A

P. richardsiae

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18
Q

.: Conidial heads with sympodial arrangement of conidia are seen,

A

Fonsecaea spp

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19
Q

● Crusted, verrucose, wartlike lesions

A

chromoblastomycisis

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20
Q

conidia at the side

A

Acrotheca

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21
Q
  • conidia in chains
A

Cladosporium

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22
Q
  • conidia in cluster
A

phialophora

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23
Q

● May exhibit all 3 types of conidiation

A

Fonseceae compacta

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24
Q

● elongate conidiophore with chains of smooth walled conidia

A

Cladosporium

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25
dark brown cells that resemble stones i
muriforms cells
26
muriforms cells are seen in
chromoblastomyces
27
● slow growing , suede-like, olive black in color
chromoblastomyces
28
treatment for chromoblastomyces
KFAS - ketoconazole - fluconazole - amphotericin B - surgery
29
● chronic granulomatous infection that involves the lower extremities and other bodies.
MYCETOMA
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Infection is characterized by swelling, purplish discoloration, tumorlike deformities -- of the subcutaneous tissue, and multiple sinus tracts that drain purulent material
MYCETOMA
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commonly found in soil, standing water, and sewage.
MYCETOMA
32
2 TYPE OF MYCETOMA
ACTINOMYCOTIC (BACTERIAL) AND EUMYCOTIC (FUNGAL)
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subcategorized as white grain mycetomas or black grain mycetomas , a distinction determined by the pigmentation of the infecting agent’s hyphae.
Eumycotic (fungal) mycetomas
34
Actinomycotic (bacterial) mycetomas INCLUDES
- NOCARDIA - ACTINOMADURA - STREPTOMYCES
35
White grain
Pseudallescheria boydii and Acremonium spp.
36
○ hyaline molds that produce septate hyphae.
White grain
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Causes nasal sinuses and septum, meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, mycotic keratitis, external otomycosis, brain abscess, and disseminated invasive infection.
P BOYDII
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produced resulting to teleomorphic, or sexual, form of white grain.
cleistothecia
39
white, fluffy colony that changes in several weeks to a brownish gray (the so-called “mousy gray”)
Pseudallescheria boydii
40
cause mycetomas
Acremonium spp
41
clusters of conidiophores with conidia produced at the ends
○ Graphium stage of P. boydii
42
hasd brown to black cleistothecia, which are pseudoparenchymatous, saclike structures containing asci and ascospores.
○ Graphium stage of P. boydii
43
produces inflated, flask-shaped annellophores.
S. prolificans
44
develops hyaline hyphae and produces simple, unbranched, erect conidiophores
Acremonium spp.
45
Single-celled conidia are produced loosely or in gelatinous masses at the tip of the conidiophore
Acremonium
46
Black grain
○ Madurella spp. and E. jeanselmei (Colonies)
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Long, tapering phialides with collarettes and sclerotia may be seen.
○ Madurella spp. and E. jeanselmei (Colonies)
48
- fluffy or downy, olive-gray to black colony, and growth is rapid.
Curvularia spp.
49
yeastlike and darkly pigmented (olive to black), but in time develop a more velvety appearance with the production of aerial hyphae.
E. jeanselmei -
50
slowgrowing, velvety colonies that appear smooth or radially furrowed and dark gray or olive brown to black.
T. grisea
51
● Hyphae: septate and nonsporulating.
T. grisea
52
most common fungal agent associated with mycetom
Madurella mycetomatisfaction
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Formation of swollen lumps, and nodules that leads to abscesses and draining sinuses -> leades to derformeties and be amputated
Madurella mycetomatis
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involves cutaneous & subcutaneous tissues, fascia & bone of foot or hand
m mycetomatis
55
● Presence of sulfure granules ● Do not stain with fungal stain
Actinomadura (Actinomyces) and Streptomyces
56
refers to a disease caused by eucaryotes (fungi) that presents as a chronic granulomatous, infection of the skin, subcutaneous tissues and eventually bone.
Eumycotic mycetoma
57
● Sandy appearance when cultured
Pseudallescheria
58
causes ocalized swelling no inflammation , abscess in sinus tract, bone can be involved in severe cases
EUMYCOTIC MYCETOMA
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black, red and whitew grains
○ Madurella mycetomatis - black grains ● Streptomyces pelletierii - red grains ● Streptomyces somaliensis -white grains
60
EUMYCOTIC MYCETOMA treatment
Antifungal agents ○ Itraconazole ○ Terbinafine Antibiotics ○ Doxycycline ○ Amoxicillin
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eumycotic vs actinomyctoic
Wide septate hyphae found in tissue sections distinguish eumycotic from Actinomycoticmycetoma
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● Rose gardener’s disease
SPOROTRICHOSIS
63
Infection of the cutaneous or subcutaneous tissues & adjacent lymphatics
SPOROTRICHOSIS
64
Cna be transmitted direct contact to plant, cats in animals through scratch and bites
SPOROTRICHOSIS
65
Characterized by nodular lesions which may suppurate & ulcerate
SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII
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Dimorphic fungus found in soil & decaying vegetation
sporothrix schenckii
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yeast and mold form of sporothrix
@ RT – MOLD ● Flowerette Conidia ● Old culture – Sleeve formation @37oC –YEAST ● Cigar-shaped yeast cells - like bacillus and clostridium in bacteria ● Sporothrix in schenckii in fungi
68
● Yeast-like cells, may bud ● “cigar bodies”
sporothrix
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● Moist and glabrous ● Daisy-like microconidia ● short conidiophores at ● right angle from thin hyphae
sporothrix
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● Caused by Conidiobolus Caused by Basidiobolus
Entomophthoromycosis
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● Reproduce by zygospores (sexual)
SUBCUTANEOUS ZYGOMYCOSIS
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Eosinophilic infiltration around hyphae
Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon in tissue
73
Chronic inflammatory or granulomatous disease restricted to the nasal submucosa
Entomophthoromycosis
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Characterized by polyps or palpable subcutaneous masses
Entomophthoromycosis
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Entomophthoromycosis
Entomophthoromycosis
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Spherical conidia with hair-like appendages (villae) & prominent papillae, marking site of former attachment to the sporangiophore
ENTOMOPHTHORMYCOSIS
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Risk factors OF ENTOMOPHTHORMYCOSIS:
Diabetes, HIV, Leukemia, recent skin trauma
78
LOBOMYCOSIS TREATMENT
● Amphotericin B - most common ● Posaconazole ● Isavuconazole ● SURGERY
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general term used to describe any infection caused by a dematiaceous organism
PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS
80
includes molds; brownish, yeastlike cells; pseudohyphae; and hyphae
PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS
81
headache, neurologic manifestations, and, neurologic manifestations, and SEIZURE
PHAEHYPOMYCOSIS
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. are also commonly associated with phaeophyomycosis
C. bantiana, and Curvularia spp
83
spp - rapidly growing, fluffy, and gray to gray-brown or graygreen
Alternaria
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spp. - produce rapidly growing colonies, resemble those of Alternaria spp.
Curvularia
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spp. - produce colonies that are gray-green to dark brown and slightly powdery, as do Exserohilum spp.
Bipolaris
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● initially produce shiny, black, yeastlike colonies.
E. jeanselmei and E. dermatitidis
87
MUCOID AND BROWN BUT become filamentous and velvety with age as a result of the production of mycelium.
E. dermatitides
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● septate to moniliform hyphae (string of beads)
PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS
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● large, stiff conidiophores.
E. spinifera
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● long, poorly branched conidial chains. T
Cladophialoph Cladophialophora bantiana ora bantiana
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pale brown conidiophores with elongated conidia on denticles (projection or peg
Rhinocladiella mackenziei
92
rustybrown to olive colony with one- to three-septate condia on small denticles
V Verruconis gallopava erruconis gallopava
93

MYCO (8 decks)

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