subgingival environment and microbial communities

Question 1

Remember gram +ve still dominate in supra and sub-gingival community. Just gram -ve are more abundant in sub-gingival community.

Question 2

what metabolic interactions can alter the subgingival environment?

Answer 2

Nitrogen metabolism produces ammonia which balances acids and can increase the pH

Question 3

Streptococci, lactobacilli and GNABs produce lactic acid from what kind of fermentation?

Answer 3

glucose

Question 4

halitosis is a symptom caused by what?

Answer 4

volatile sulphur compounds

Question 5

what types of adhesion is seen in dental plaque?

Answer 5

• Cell-substratum adhesion
  
  • Homotypic cell-cell adhesion
    Heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Question 6

what are the heterotypic cell-cell adhesion types in dental plaque?

Answer 6

Question 7

are eubacterium species aerobic?

Answer 7

no, anaerobic

Question 8

where are eubacterium species found?

Answer 8

subgingivally

Question 9

what are eubacterium associated with?

Answer 9

dental caries
implicated in periodontal disease

Question 10

propionibacteria is a gram+ve anaerobe. give to examples of it

Answer 10

propionibacteria propionicus
propionibacteria acnes

Question 11

where is propionibacteria propionicus found?

Answer 11

in mouth, dental plaque and calculus

Question 12

what does propionibacteria propionicus cause and how?

Answer 12

Causes lesions and tear duct infections

by producing propionic acid

Question 13

where is propionibacteria acnes found?

Answer 13

in peridontal pocket

Question 14

what does propionibacteria acnes cause?

Answer 14

Associated with periodontal disease
(and spots)

Question 15

what is capnocytophagia?

Answer 15

• Gram -ve
  Linked to periodontitis

Question 16

what is Wolinella succinogens linked to?

Answer 16

alveolar bone loss

Question 17

where is Campylobacter rectus found?

Answer 17

Found in plaque and periodontal pockets

Question 18

how is campylobacter rectus linked to disease?

Answer 18

Increase in sites of recurrent disease -> periodontopathogen

Question 19

what therapies are used in periodontal disease?

Answer 19

antimicrobials
antiinflammatory drugs
mechanical removal

Question 20

what antimicrobials are used in periodontal disease therapy?

Answer 20

metronidazole
tetracyclin

Question 21

is metronidazole broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 21

narrow spectrum but still causes reduction in red and orange complex bacteria

Question 22

metronidazole is not effective against what?

Answer 22

facultative capnophilic organisms e.g. A.actinomycetemcomitans & E.corrodens

Question 23

what is added with metronidazole to make it effective agains red and orange complexes and antinomycetemcomitans?

Answer 23

amoxycillin

Question 24

what does tetracyclin do?

Answer 24

Reduce inflammation and block collagenase

Question 25

what is the issue with tetracyclin?

Answer 25

resistance

Question 26

name an anti-inflammatory used in periodontal disease therapy

Answer 26

Macrolides

Question 27

what does supragingival plaque removal do and not do?

Answer 27

Reduces inflammation and GCF flow Reduction in subgingival organisms On its own doesn’t prevent LOA

Question 28

what does subgingival plaque removal do?

Answer 28

Major reduction in bacteria