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G270 Exam #2 > Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Substance Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Occurs when the recurrent use of alcohol and/or drugs causes clinically and functionally significant impairment, such as health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home.

A

Substance Use Disorder

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2
Q

Intense craving for the substance and an excessive amount of time is spent trying to procure more of the substance or recover from the effects of its use

A

Addiction

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3
Q
  • Development of exhilaration and emotional frenzy or lethargy and stupor.
  • Reversible following excessive use of a substance.
A

Intoxication

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4
Q
  • Occurs upon abrupt reduction or discontinuation of a substance that has been used regularly over a prolonged period of time.
  • Can be physical or psychological.
A

Withdrawal

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5
Q

process of safely withdrawing from a substance. (physical needs of the body)

A

detoxification

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6
Q

Common screening tool of substance abuse that IDENTIFY substance abuse (4)

A

 Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST)
 Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST)
 CAGE
 AUDIT

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7
Q

Common screening tools to assess if pt is going through withdrawal (2)

A
  • Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale (CIWA)
  • Clinical Opiate Withdrawal. Scale
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8
Q

Cage questionnaire (4)

A

o Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking/drug use?
o Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking/drug use?
o Have you ever felt guilty about your drinking/drug use?
o Have you ever had a drink/used a drug first thing in the morning (eye opener) to steady your nerve, get rid of a hangover, or to get the day started?

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9
Q

How many questions need to be positive for a CAGE questionnaire in order for it to be positive for addiction?

A

2

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10
Q

Assessment –> questions to ask for urgency of situation

A
  • pattern of drinking

- How many days/ week does the person drink

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11
Q

what is the BAC that is the legal intoxication level

A

.08 or 80 mg

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12
Q

Alcohol Effects (SAMSGIN)

A
  • slurred speech
  • attention impairment and arrest respiratory
  • memory impairment
  • stupor or coma or death
  • gait unsteady
  • incoordination
  • nystagmus (rapid eye movement)
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13
Q

Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms (HITS)

A
  • hallucinations (visual, tactile)
  • increased vs and insomnia
  • tremens (lethal)
  • shaking, sweating, seizures, stomach pain
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14
Q

What vital sign is increased when detox is starting

A

increased BP

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15
Q

Delirium Tremens s/s (DEATH)

A
  • delirious
  • autonomic disturbance
  • tremors
  • hallucination
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16
Q

Medications for ETOH withdrawal (4)

A
  • Diazepam
  • chlodiazepoxide
  • lorazepam
  • phenobarbital
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17
Q

Meds besides benzos used for ETOH withdrawal

A
  • magnesium sulfate

- Thiamine

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18
Q

What is KORSAKOFF syndrome

A

disturbance of short term memory with thiamine deficiency in alcohol abuse

19
Q

What is wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A

-neurlogic disease that is caused from alcohol abuse

20
Q

s/s wernicke’s encephalopathy-4

A
  • ataxia
  • 6th facial nerve palsy
  • nystagmus
  • confusion
21
Q

what is prescribed to prevent Korsakoff-Wernickes syndrome

A

thiamine

22
Q

What does disulfiram do?

A

It is used as alcohol aversion therapy –> if a client takes disulfiram and drinks alcohol they will experience flushing, a throbbing headache, sweating, and N/V

23
Q

When can disulfiram be given?

A

10-14 days after last drink

24
Q

What is the most important pt education for someone taking disulfiram?

A

Client must avoid common products such as shaving cream, aftershave, cologne, deodorant and OTC meds

25
Q

What does naltrexone do?

A

unknown how it works, but it decreases cravings

26
Q

s/s sedative/hypnotics/anxiolytics sx (SAMSGIN)

A
  • Slurred Speech (Sams Gin)
  • Attention impairment and Arrest Respiratory
  • Memory impairment
  • Stupor or coma or death
  • Gait unsteady
  • Incoordination
  • Nystagmus
27
Q

s/s sedative/hypnotics/anxiolytics withdrawal symptoms sx (PASTNITES)

A
  • Psychomotor agitation
  • Anxiety
  • Seizures (Grand‐Mal)  not as deadly as alcohol seizures
  • Transient hallucinations
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Insomnia
  • Tremor increased (hand)
  • Excitability‐autonomic (Increased HR and BP)
  • Sweating (diaphoresis)
28
Q

Medications for sedative/hypnotics/anxiolytics withdrawal (3)

A
  • clonazepam (Klonopin)
  • chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
  • phenobarbital (Phenobarb)
29
Q

Opioid effects (6)

A
  • Slurred speech
  • impaired memory
  • pupillary changes
  • Decreased respirations and level of consciousness which can cause death
  • Impaired judgement and social functioning
30
Q

Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms (ARMYFINDS)

A 
Aches (muscular)
Rhinorrhea (or lacrimation) 
Mood‐dysphoric (depression)
Yawning
Fever 
Insomnia
Nausea/vomiting 
Diarrhea 
Sweating
  • Don’t forget pupillary dilation or piloerection
  • WITHDRAWAL IS VERY UNPLEASANT BUT NOT LIFE THREATENING
31
Q

Meds for Opioid Addiction (4)

A
  • Clonidine
  • Methadone
  • Buprenorphine
  • Naltrexone
32
Q

Opioid Rescue Drugs (2)

A
  • Naloxone

- Flumazenil

33
Q

Cocaine effects (ACODEBLUE)

A
  • Agitation or retardation (psychomotor)
  • Cardiac (tachycardia)
  • Opening of the pupil
  • Diaphoresis (or chills)
  • Encephalopathic‐like changes (seizures, confusion, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma)
  • Blood pressure (elevated)
  • Loss of stomach content
  • Unstable muscle‐associated changes (diaphramatic, cardiac, and skeletal) i.e., muscle weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias
  • Evidence of weight loss and rhinorrhea
34
Q

Cocaine Withdrawal Symptoms (PANTS)

A
  • P –Psychomotor agitation or retardation
  • A –Appetite increases
  • N ‐Nightmares (vivid, unpleasant dreams)
  • T ‐Tiredness (fatigue)
  • S ‐Sleep (hypersomnia or insomnia)
35
Q

Is cocaine withdrawal life threatening?

A

no, but there is an occurrence of SI

36
Q

Warning signs of substance abuse in healthcare workers 8)

A 
	Absenteeism
	Irritability
	Mood changes
	Sloppy care/client complaints
	Problems with drugs
	Errors in judgment
	ETOH on breath
	Disappearance
37
Q

Common Defense mechanisms for substance abuse-6

A
  • blaming
  • denial
  • isolation
  • minimizing
  • projection
  • rationalization
38
Q

Pointing to others as the cause of the behavior. (“I wouldn’t drink so much if you would just quit nagging me.”)

A

blaming

39
Q

Refusing to acknowledge that a problem exists. (“I could quit drinking whenever I want to – I just don’t want to.”)

A

denial

40
Q

Abandoning friends or family members in order to pursue one’s addiction without being criticized or asked to stop

A

isolation

41
Q

Attempting to downplay the severity of one’s dependence upon alcohol. (“I only have one or two drinks to wind down after work. It’s no big deal.”)

A

Minimizing

42
Q

Taking negative emotions one is feeling and assigning them to others, which some experts believe to be associated with paranoia. (“Husband is drinking but accuses wife of being alcoholic.”)

A

Projection

43
Q

Supplying reasons that “justify” one’s unhealthy behavior. (“Hey, I don’t want to drink so much, but it’s the only way that I can deal with the pressures at work and still keep my job.”)

A

Rationalization

G270 Exam #2 (5 decks)

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