Substance Abuse

Question 1

Substances most commonly misused by

Answer 1

College students

Question 2

“Use”

Answer 2

drink, swallow, smoke, sniffs, ihales mind alt substance

Question 3

“Abuse”

Answer 3

use of alc/drug for intoxication

Question 4

“Addiction”

Answer 4

irresistible need to continue substance use/behavior despite the harm

Question 5

Physical Dependence

Answer 5

physiological requirement for substance by the brain

Question 6

Craving

Answer 6

urgent desire for substance/behavior, in response to triggers

Question 7

Detoxification

Answer 7

safely withdraw a person from substance

Question 8

Chemical hook theory

Answer 8

substance itself reinforces use

Question 9

Alexander experiment

Answer 9

rats alone chose drug
rat park chose water

Question 10

Impaired Response Inhibition and Salience Attribution

Answer 10

increased exposure to rewarding activity/substances, brain narrows its focus to just that

Question 11

Alcohol

Answer 11

CNS depressant and euphoriant
0.1 0.01%
2 drinks per hour

Question 12

Alcohol Abuse (3)

Answer 12

recurrent use in hazardous situations
legal problems,
failure to meet obligations,
despite social problems

Question 13

Alcohol Dependence (5)

Answer 13

tolerance
withdrawal
increase time in alc activities in replace of important
drinking more/longer than desired
unsuccessful efforts

Question 14

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 14

Gradual onset; retrograde/anterograde amnesia

apathy/increase talking
confabulation/cackling laugh

Question 15

Alcohol Withdrawal
Onset

Answer 15

as soon as 2 hours after last drink

Question 16

Alcohol withdrawal
Early symptoms

Answer 16

Tremors, diaphoresis, rapid pulse, elevated BP

Question 17

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

Answer 17

Hallucination, grand mal seizure, changes in cognition

Question 18

Delirium Tremens

Answer 18

Severe alc withdrawal
ANS instability
mental changes
3-5 days after last drink

Question 19

Delirium Tremens Treatment

Answer 19

replace thiamine, niacin,folate, magnesium
Electrolytes
Benzos
Baclofen
Antipsych

Question 20

Cocaine

Answer 20

CNS stimulant
produces euphoric rush of mental alertness and energy, confidence, 10-20 min CRASH HARD

Can produce paranoia/psychosis

Question 21

Biological effects of Cocaine

Answer 21

Increase norepi(TACHY/HTTN)
dopamine (hallucination)
seratonin (paranoia)

Question 22

Cocaine withdrawal

Answer 22

sleep 12-18hr
sleep disturbances (rebound REM) lethargy, depression, suicidality,

Question 23

Amphetamines

Answer 23

block norepi/dopamine
affect PNS

Question 24

Methamphetamine

Answer 24

release dopamine
easy to make at ghome

Question 25

MDMA (Ecstasy)

Answer 25

causes hallucinations, confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug cravings

Question 26

Nicotine

Answer 26

CNS/PNS/ANS stimulant toxic in high doses

Question 27

Nicotine Withdrawl

Answer 27

mood and physiologic changes

Question 28

Cannabis

Answer 28

binds with opioid receptor in brain to block dopamine, euphoric sense of calm, impairs ability to form memories, recall events, blunts responsiveness

Question 29

Hallucinogens mushroom LSD mescaline

Answer 29

euphoria, altered body image, distorted/ sharpened visual perception

Question 30

Benzodiazepines

Answer 30

CNS depressants decrease REM withdrawal begin as long as 7 days

Question 31

Dissociative Anesthetics Ketamine, PCP

Answer 31

reduce signals from conscious mind to other parts of brain

Question 32

"Club Drugs" Molly

Answer 32

cause severe dehydration and hyperthermia

Question 33

GHB

Answer 33

CNS depressant DATE RAPE DRUG Used for narcolepsy

Question 34

Opiate withdrawal

Answer 34

rebound hyperexitability N/V/D, hypotension sleepiness, restlessness, agitation, dysphoria bone pain, cramping

Question 35

Codependency

Answer 35

coping pattern result of living with someone of addiction sacrificing self for relationship s/sx abuse

Question 36

Assessment r/t addiction

Answer 36

ready for sobriety? support sx nonjudgemental approach do not rescue denial, rationalization

Question 37

Nursing intervention/treatment modiatility

Answer 37

SAFETY, harm reduction, prevent relapse assure self awareness meds address deficits (cogition) observe for withdrawal

Question 38

SAMI

Answer 38

treat both addiction and mental illness

Question 39

Motivational interviewing

Answer 39

acceptance facilitates change express empathy, develop discrepancy, avoid argument, roll with resistance

Question 40

Relapse prevention

Answer 40

Keep it simple, review instruction, journaling, identify situations/triggers REPEAT AS NEEDED

Question 41

Wernicke's Encephalopathy

Answer 41

alc causes gastric irritation, reduce B vitamins Sx: Acute palsy, ataxia Treat: IV Thiam