Substance Abuse Flashcards
(28 cards)
In one large study, _______ adolescents (ages 14-17) were studied to assess what factors influenced the age at which they would have their first alcoholic drink.
820
Why are people easily exposed to drugs in our society?
People can be exposed to drugs through friends, the media, peers, family, and prerequisite for use.
The study found __________ factors predicted early alcohol use including when their best friends started drinking, whether their family was at high risk for alcohol dependence, and the presence of behavior problems in these children.
Several
Research suggests that drug addicted parents spend _______ time monitoring their children than parents without drug problems.
Less
Two views of substance related disorders characterize contemporary thought. Name these two views.
Moral weakness Disease models of dependence
According to the _______________________ , drug use is seen as a failure of self control in the face of temptation; this is psychosocial perspective.
Moral weakness model of chemical dependence
The ______________________ , in contrast, assumes that drug dependence is caused by an underlying physiological disorder; this is a biological perspective.
Disease model of dependence
Culture is a _____________________ factor in the influence of drug use and treatment.
Pervasive
Cultural factors such as machismo (male dominance in Latin cultures), marianismo (female Latino role of motherly nurturance & identifying with the Virgin Mary), spirituality, and _________ (“loss of face” among Asians, that can lead to shame for not living up to cultural expectations) are a few cultural viewpoints that can affect drug use either positive or negative way.
Tiu Lien
Each culture has its own preferences for acceptable psychoactive drugs, as well as it own prohibitions for substances it finds ____________.
Unacceptable
In certain cultures, including __________, people are expected to drink alcohol heavily on certain social occasions.
Korea
People of Asian descent are more __________ to have the ALDH2 gene, which produces a severe “flushing” effect after drinking alcohol.
Likely
The flushing effect present in Asians is responsible for a relatively _______ rate of drinking in the population.
Low
This is the most common psychoactive substance abuse because it is legal, elevates mood, and decreases fatigue. It’s readily available in many beverages.
Caffeine
This substance causes euphoria, appetite loss, and increased alertness. Dependence appears after years of use. Mothers addicted to this have the potential to give birth to irritable babies.
Cocaine
These drugs, including LSD, influence perception, distorting feelings, sights, sounds, and smells.
Hallucinogens
These lead to euphoria, drowsiness, and slowed breathing. These substances are analgesics, relieving pain. users tned to be secretive, preventing a great deal of research in this area.
Opoids
This substance stimulates the nervous system and relieves stress. DSM-5 describes withdrawl symptoms instead of an intoxication pattern.
Nicotine
These create feelings of elation and vigor and reduce fatigue. They are prescribed to people with narcolepsy and ADHD.
Amphetamines
Negative reinforcement is involved in the continuance of drug use, because drugs often provide escape from pain, stress, panic, and so on.
True
Research with both animals and humans indicates that substance abuse in general is affected by our genes, although not one particular gene
True
The media and parental influences have no effect on adolescent drug use; it is soley a peer pressure factor.
False
The expectancy effect is illustrated when a person who expects to be less inhibited when drinking alcohol is given a placebo and acts or feels normally
False
To some extent, all psychoactive drugs provide a pleasuarble experience, creating positive reinforcement.
True
