Substance Abuse Final Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
Last month _________ Americans consumed an alcoholic beverage.
A
129 million
2
Q
How many people are heavy drinkers?
A
16 million
3
Q
How many people are heavy drinkers?
A
16 million
4
Q
Worldwide every year ________ people consume alcohol.
A
2 billion
5
Q
How many people die from alcohol use?
A
2 million
6
Q
_______ of all US hospital admissions were due to alcohol.
A
25%-30%
7
Q
The life span of the chronic heavy drinker is shortened by ____ years.
A
15
8
Q
Between _____and ____of drinkers in the US progress to frequent, high-dose use (alcoholism).
A
10%
12%
9
Q
How many more men than women have a major problem with alcohol?
A
two to three times
10
Q
_______ involves a process where yeast eat sugar (carbohydrates) and excrete ethanol and carbon dioxide.
A
fermentation
11
Q
Just _____% of drinkers consume _______% of all alcohol.
A
20
80
12
Q
_______ involves a process where yeast eat sugar (carbohydrates) and excrete ethanol and carbon dioxide.
A
fermentation
13
Q
Fermentation can result in no higher than _____% alcohol content.
A
15
14
Q
Beer: barley, rice, corn will produce ____% ETOH
A
4-8
15
Q
Wines: grapes- ______% ETOH
A
8-15
16
Q
_____ is a process where a fermented mix is boiled, the precipitate collected and condensed.
A
distillation
17
Q
Distillation is effective because the boiling point of ETOH is lower than _______.
A
water
18
Q
Distillation can result in _____% ETOH
A
100
19
Q
Fortified wine: grapes-______% ETOH
A
20
20
Q
Distilled spirits-Average _____% ETOH
A
50
21
Q
______ is distilled from fermented molasses.
A
Rum
22
Q
_____ is distilled carbohydrates, and flavored with juniper berries during a second distillation.
A
Gin
23
Q
_____ is distilled carbohydrates, and flavored with juniper berries during a second distillation.
A
Gin
24
Q
_______ is corn with rye and malted (germinated) barley.
A
Bourbon
25
____ is distilled from almost any carbohydrate.
Vodka
26
_____ is distilled from any sugar containing fruit.
Brandy
27
______ are grains fermented, aged, distilled, then blended.
Whiskeys
28
_______ is corn with rye and malted (germinated) barley.
Bourbon
29
____ is malted barley and corn.
Scotch
30
_______ is corn and both malted and unmalted (ungerminated) barley.
Irish whiskey
31
_____ is rye and malted barley.
Rye
32
What are the six levels of alcohol use?
```
abstention
experimentation
social/recreation use
habituation
abuse
addiction
```
33
______ is a combination of blood alcohol concentration, psychological mood, expectation, and drinking history.
Intoxication
34
The word "proof" originated from _______ where the proof of a beverage was whether it would ignite gunpowder (57% ETOH content).
England
35
_____ is the most commonly used convention for denoting ETOH content.
Proof
36
Alcohol is directly responsible for ______ deaths each year in the US.
130,000
37
From ______-_______% of alcohol is excreted directly through the urine and the lungs. The rest is metabolized by the liver and then excreted as carbon dioxide and water through the lungs and the kidneys.
2-10
38
The word "proof" originated from _______ where the proof of a beverage was whether it would ignite gunpowder (57% ETOH content).
England
39
What is SEC?
Standard Ethanol Content
40
Men are ______more likely as women to become ETOH dependant.
8 times
41
__________ are more likely to be abstainers.
African-Americans
42
One ____ equals half oz of ETOH
SEC
43
What states are the heaviest consumers of alcohol?
Alaska, DC, Nevada, New Hampshire, Wisconsin
44
_________ increases with age.
Abstinence
45
_______ are more likely to drink non-problematically.
Employed
46
Alcohol is directly responsible for ______ deaths each year in the US.
130,000
47
_______ is correlated with non-problematic drinking.
Education
48
over the centuries alcohol, a ___________, has been used as a reward, as food, as a medicine, as a sacrament, as a water substitute, as a social lubricant, as a source of taxes, and as a tranquilizer (to cover emotional and mental problems).
central nervous system depressant
49
_______ people are less likely to abstain, and more likely to drink heavily.
Divorced people
50
From ______-_______% of alcohol is excreted directly through the urine and the lungs. The rest is metabolized by the liver and then excreted as carbon dioxide and water through the lungs and the kidneys.
2-10
51
ETOH provides "_______" calories to the body.
empty
52
Drinking overall tends to ______ with age.
decrease
53
over the centuries alcohol, a ___________, has been used as a reward, as food, as a medicine, as a sacrament, as a water substitute, as a social lubricant, as a source of taxes, and as a tranquilizer (to cover emotional and mental problems).
central nervous system depressant
54
_______ is determined by taking total ETOH sold in the US and dividing by total population age 14 & older.
Per capita consumption
55
Men are ______more likely as women to become ETOH dependant.
8 times
56
What is the highest city alcohol consumption in US?
Washington DC
57
Drinking overall tends to ______ with age.
decrease
58
What are the states that are the lightest consumers of alcohol?
Kansas, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Utah, West Virginia
59
_________ increases with age.
Abstinence
60
Lower levels of ______ is correlated with either abstinence or heavy drinking.
Education
61
__________ are more likely to be abstainers.
African-Americans
62
Administration of alcohol is _______.
oral
63
_______ is determined by taking total ETOH sold in the US and dividing by total population age 14 & older.
Per capita consumption
64
Alcohol is directly responsible for _______ deaths each year in the US
130,000
65
_______adult drinkers in the US have developed alcoholism.
10-12 million
66
Which country has the highest rate of consumption worldwide?
Russia
67
The primary psychoactive component in all alcoholic beverages is ______.
ethyl alcohol (ethanol)
68
______ alcohol is a toxic industrial solvent.
methyl (methanol or wood alcohol)
69
_______ alcohol is used in shaving lotion, shellac, antifreeze, antiseptics, and lacquer.
isopropyl (propanol, or rubbing alcohol)
70
______ alcohol is used in many industrial processes.
butyl (butanol)
71
Any beverage with an alcohol content greater than _____% is considered an alcoholic beverage.
2
72
Other components produced during fermentation, known as ______, contribute to the distinctive tastes, aromas, and colors of the various alcoholic beverages.
congeners
73
_____ occurs when airborne yeast feeds on sugars in honey or on any watery mishmash of overripe fruit, berries, vegetables or grains.
fermentation
74
_____ is produced from fermented grain.
beer
75
_____ is produced from fermented fruit
wine
76
_____is produced from fermented grains, tubers, vegetables and other plants.
distilled spirits
77
When did beer brewing and bread making begin?
8000BC in Neolithic times
78
_____ is the process of separating liquid through evaporation and condensation.
Distillation
79
A woman absorbs _____% more alcohol into the bloodstream than does a man of the same weight and feels its psychoactive effects faster and more intensely.
30
80
Female alcoholics have death rates ____-____% higher than male alcoholics.
50-100
81
Alcohol's psychological effects are caused by its alteration of neurochemistry in the higher centers of the ______ that control reasoning and judgment and the lower centers of the _______ that rule mood, emotion and craving.
cortex
| limbic system
82
Approximately _______ Americans die each year from cirrhosis due to alcohol consumption.
13,000
83
When alcohol is consumed, it is absorbed through ________, metabolized by ______ and then excreted.
the capillaries in the small intestine
| liver
84
The liver is responsible for metabolizing _____% of all ETOH in the body.
90
85
What states are the heaviest consumers of alcohol?
Alaska, DC, Nevada, New Hampshire, Wisconsin
86
Alcohol _______ breaks ETOH down into acetaldehyde, which is toxic to the body.
dehydrogenase
87
What is the highest city alcohol consumption in US?
Washington DC
88
The liver metabolizes about _____oz of ETOH per hour, which results in a BAC reduction of about _____.
.35
| .015
89
_______ are more likely to drink non-problematically.
Employed
90
What are the states that are the lightest consumers of alcohol?
Kansas, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Utah, West Virginia
91
_______ is correlated with non-problematic drinking.
Education
92
Lower levels of ______ is correlated with either abstinence or heavy drinking.
Education
93
_______ people are less likely to abstain, and more likely to drink heavily.
Divorced people
94
Administration of alcohol is _______.
oral
95
ETOH provides "_______" calories to the body.
empty
96
When alcohol is consumed, it is absorbed through ________, metabolized by ______ and then excreted.
the capillaries in the small intestine
| liver
97
There is a ______% decrease of brain function in chronic drinkers.
60
98
The range of time to peak effects from alcohol is ______-______ minutes.
30-90
99
_____ is where the brain smooths out, and folds become shallow.
cerebral atrophy
100
About ______% passes through the body unchanged in urine and expelled breaths.
10
101
_____ is where the brain smooths out, and folds become shallow.
cerebral atrophy
102
_________ breaks down acetaldehyde into carbon dioxide and water.
acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
103
Loss of awareness and recall without unconsciousness due to intoxication by alcohol or other drugs; amnesia while under the influence of drugs.
Blackout
104
Blood is about ______% water and provides a basis for determining how much ETOH is in the body.
70
105
The liver is responsible for metabolizing _____% of all ETOH in the body.
90
106
About ______% passes through the body unchanged in urine and expelled breaths.
10
107
Alcohol _______ breaks ETOH down into acetaldehyde, which is toxic to the body.
dehydrogenase
108
_________ breaks down acetaldehyde into carbon dioxide and water.
acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
109
The liver metabolizes about _____oz of ETOH per hour, which results in a BAC reduction of about _____.
.35
| .015
110
________ and ________ is constant and cannot be affected by coffee, intake of water.
metabolism
| elimination
111
During the last step of metabolism, energy is released in the form of ______and _____.
heat
| calories
112
Alcohol is directly responsible for _______ deaths each year in the US
130,000
113
_______adult drinkers in the US have developed alcoholism.
10-12 million
114
Which country has the highest rate of consumption worldwide?
Russia
115
The primary psychoactive component in all alcoholic beverages is ______.
ethyl alcohol (ethanol)
116
______ alcohol is a toxic industrial solvent.
methyl (methanol or wood alcohol)
117
_______ alcohol is used in shaving lotion, shellac, antifreeze, antiseptics, and lacquer.
isopropyl (propanol, or rubbing alcohol)
118
______ alcohol is used in many industrial processes.
butyl (butanol)
119
Any beverage with an alcohol content greater than _____% is considered an alcoholic beverage.
2
120
Other components produced during fermentation, known as ______, contribute to the distinctive tastes, aromas, and colors of the various alcoholic beverages.
congeners
121
_____ occurs when airborne yeast feeds on sugars in honey or on any watery mishmash of overripe fruit, berries, vegetables or grains.
fermentation
122
_____ is produced from fermented grain.
beer
123
_____ is produced from fermented fruit
wine
124
_____is produced from fermented grains, tubers, vegetables and other plants.
distilled spirits
125
When did beer brewing and bread making begin?
8000BC in Neolithic times
126
_____ is the process of separating liquid through evaporation and condensation.
Distillation
127
A woman absorbs _____% more alcohol into the bloodstream than does a man of the same weight and feels its psychoactive effects faster and more intensely.
30
128
Female alcoholics have death rates ____-____% higher than male alcoholics.
50-100
129
Alcohol's psychological effects are caused by its alteration of neurochemistry in the higher centers of the ______ that control reasoning and judgment and the lower centers of the _______ that rule mood, emotion and craving.
cortex
| limbic system
130
Approximately _______ Americans die each year from cirrhosis due to alcohol consumption.
13,000
131
Physiologically, alcohol limits the brain's ability to use ______&_____, thus killing brain cells as well as inhibiting message transmission.
glucose
| oxygen
132
some level of _______ (loss of brain tissue) has been documented in 50%-100% of alcoholics at autopsy.
brain atrophy
133
______ is another neurological consequence of prolonged heavy drinking.
Dementia
134
One of the more serious diseases due to brain damage caused by chronic alcoholism and thiamine deficiency is _______.
Wernicke's Encephalopathy
135
________ is another serious condition that involves thiamine deficiency, it's symptoms include disorientation, memory failure, and repetition of false memories(confabulation).
Korsakoff's syndrome
136
More than 2300 years ago, Greek physician, _________, observed an association between alcohol and seizures, writing that the prevalence of epilepsy is up to 10 times greater in those with alcoholism.
Hippocrates
137
The association between heavy drinking and ______ is well documented.
breast cancer
138
The risk of mouth, throat, larynx, and esophageal cancer are ____ times greater for heavy alcohol users.
6
139
The inability to learn the _______ necessary to cope with life is a long-lasting effect of alcoholism.
problem-solving techniques
140
_____ memory is the retention and the retrieval of previously presented information.
retrospective
141
______ memory is the day-to-day memory functions and in the near future.
Prospective
142
One of the earliest attempts at imposing scientific reasoning on drinking patterns was by ____, physician, medical educator, reformer, and the first US Surgeon General. He published the first American treatise on alcoholism in 1804--An Inquiry into the Effects of Ardent Spirits on the Human Body and Mind. It was a collection of the prevailing attitudes toward alcohol abuse.
Dr. Benjamin Rush
143
________ in An Essay, Medical, Philosophical and Chemical, on Drunkenness and Its Effects on the Human Body expounded, in scientific terms his thesis that drunkenness was a disease produced by a remote cause that disrupts health.
Dr. Thomas Trotter
144
In 1941 psychiatrist ______ and biometrist ______, presented their review of alcoholism treatment literature which contained a section integrating 24 classifications into 4 types of alcoholics.
Karl Bowman
| E.M. Jellinek
145
What are the four types of alcoholics described in 1941?
1. Primary or true alcoholics
2. Steady Endogenous symptomatic drinkers
3. Intermittent Endogenous symptomatic drinkers
4. Stammtisch drinkers
146
Immediate liking for alcohol and rapid development of an uncontrollable need is what type of alcoholic?
Primary or true alcoholic
147
What type of alcoholism is secondary to a major psychiatric disorder?
Steady endogenous symptomatic drinkers
148
What type of alcoholism is classified with periodic binge drinking, often with a psychiatric disorder?
Intermittent endogenous symptomatic drinkers
149
What type of alcoholism is classified where drinkers in whom alcoholism is precipitated by outside causes, often having started as social drinkers?
Stammtisch drinkers
150
Atropine and Scopolamine are drugs that ______ in the brain.
Block acetylcholine receptors
151
_____ is allegedly one of the ingredients in Zombie powder in Haiti.
Datura
152
______ is the only hallucinogen known that passes through the system into the urine unchanged.
Music mole
153
_______ was synthesized in 1956, and because it had pronounced tranquilizing effects it was tested as an anesthetic.
PCP
