Substance Use and Addictive Disorders

Question 0

Severity scale for substance use disorder

0-1 criteria

Answer 0

No diagnosis of substance use disorder

Question 1

Substance use disorders

Answer 1

Involve repeated use of chemical substances, leading to clinically significant impairment during a 12-month period.

Question 2

Severity scale for substance use disorder

2-3 criteria

Answer 2

mild substance use disorder

Question 3

Severity scale for substance use disorder

4-5 criteria

Answer 3

moderate substance use disorder

Question 4

Severity scale for substance use disorder

6 or more criteria

Answer 4

severe substance use disorder

Question 5

Non-substance related addictive disorders

Answer 5

1. gambling
2. sexual behaviors
3. shopping/spending
4. internet use, such as gaming

Question 6

Addiction is characterized by

Answer 6

1. Loss of control due to addictive behavior
2. Participation continues despite continuing associated problems
3. A tendency to relapse back into the addictive behavior

Question 7

Risk Factors

Answer 7

1. Genetics
2. Lowered self-esteem
3. Lowered tolerance for pain and frustration
4. Few meaningful personal relationships
5. few life successes
6. Risk-taking tendencies
7. Sociocultural theories

Question 8

Native American groups

Answer 8

have a high percentage of members who have alcohol use disorders.
Asian groups have a low percentage of alcohol use disorders.

Question 9

Central Nervous System Depressants

Answer 9

1. Alcohol (Ethanol)

Question 10

Alcohol (Ethanol)

General Information

Answer 10

1. A BAC of 0.08% (80g/dL) is considered legally intoxicated for adults.
2. Death can occur from levels greater than 0.35%
3. BAC depends on body weight, gender, concentration of alcohol, gastric absorption rate, individuals tolerance level.

Question 11

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Intended Effects

Answer 11

Relaxation, decreased social anxiety, stress reduction

Question 12

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Effects of intoxication

Answer 12

slurred speech, nystagmus, memory impairment, altered judgment, decreased motor skills, decreased LOC, respiratory arrest, peripheral arrest, and death.

Question 13

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Withdrawal manifestations

Answer 13

1. usually start within 4-12 hours of last intake of alcohol, peak after 24-48 hr. then suddenly disapper
2. vomiting, abd cramping, tremors, restlessness, inability to sleep, increased HR, RR, Temp, and tonic-clonic seizures.
3. Alcohol withdrawal deliurium may occur 2-3 days after cessation of alcohol. A medical emergency. Severe disorientation, hallucinations, HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, delirium.

Question 14

Sedative/ Hypnotics

General Information

Answer 14

1. Benzodiazepines, diazepam (Valium), or barbituates- phenobarbital
2. Can be taken orally or injected

Question 15

Sedative/ Hypnotics

Intended Effects

Answer 15

Decreased anxiety, sedation

Question 16

Sedative/ Hypnotics

Effects of intoxication

Answer 16

1. drowsiness, sedation, agitation, slurred speech, uncoordinated motor activity, nystagmus, disorientation, nausea, vomiting.
2. Respiratory depression and decreased LOC, may be fatal
3. Antidote- Romazicon- IV use for benzodiazepine toxicity
4. No antidote for barbituate toxicity.

Question 17

Sedative/ Hypnotics

Withdrawal Manifestations

Answer 17

1. Anxiety, insomnia, HTN, diaphoresis, hallucinations, illusions, seizure activity.

Question 18

Antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity

Answer 18

flumazenil (Romazicon) - IV

Question 19

Cannabis

General Info

Answer 19

Marijuana, Hashish - smoked or orally ingested.

Question 20

Cannabis

Intended effects

Answer 20

Euphoria, sedation, hallucinations, decrease of nausea and vomiting secondary to Chemo, management of pain.

Question 21

Cannabis

Effects of intoxication

Answer 21

Chronic use- lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratry effects
in high doses- paranoia, delusions, and hallucinations, increased appetite, dry mouth, tachycardia.

Question 22

Cannabis

withdrawal manifestations

Answer 22

Irritability aggression, anxiety, insomnia, lack of appetite, restlessness, depressed mood, abdominal pain, tremors, diaphoresis, fever, headache.

Question 23

Antidote for Morphine or dilaudid

Answer 23

naloxone (Narcan) IV

Question 24

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Answer 24

1. Occurs when patient has improper nutrition and experiences alcohol withdrawals 2. Memory disturbance, unable to form new memories 3. If memory is jogged information may be recalled 4. Retrospective memory gap 5. Intellectual grasp is quite well retained.

Question 25

Delirium Tremens

Answer 25

1. 72 hours after drinking has stopped (up to 7-10 days) 2. Lack of carbohydrate and food intake S/S - Body Tremors - Changes in mental function - Agitation - Mood changes - Hallucinations - Sleeping for 24 hours or longer

Question 26

Detox from Alcohol

Answer 26

1. Valium 2. Folic Acid 3. B12

Question 27

Stimulants | Names

Answer 27

Amphetamines & Cocaine | Street names: Speed, uppers, bennies, ice Ecstasy, and crank

Question 28

Stimulants | Effects

Answer 28

1. (Adrenaline like) Users feel awake, alert, energetic, sexual arousal, and a feeling of well-being 2. Meth stays in the body up to 4 days- tolerance quickly develops and addiction within 4 to 6 months 3. Side effects- anxiety, hallucinations (tweaking), paranoia, depression and suicide. Pupil dilation when high- may be constricted when they are not on the drug. 4. Weight loss, picking at skin, ability to stay up all night.

Question 29

Opioids

Answer 29

1. Heroin, Vicodin, Oxycodone, Norco, Morphine 2. Opioid analgesics suppress your perception of pain and calm your emotional response to pain by reducing the number of pain signals sent by the nervous system and the brains reaction to those pain signals.

Question 30

Suboxone/Methadone

Answer 30

1. Suboxone- treatment for opioid addiction, Sublingual tablet, works by filling the receptor cites so pt. does not feel withdrawal symptoms. You can ween down the does until the pt. no longer feels symptoms 2. Methodone used to be treatment, however, it still gives a high and is highly addictive.

Question 31

Hallucinogens

Answer 31

1. Derived from plants and mushrooms 2. LSD- one of the most potent mood changing chemicals. Lasts up to 8 hours. 3. PCP- for smoking, often applied to a leafy material such as mint, parsley, oregano, or marijuana. Can last 4-6 hours.

Question 32

Common psychiatric illnesses linked with Substance Abuse

Answer 32

1. Schizophrenia 2. Schizophreniform disorder 3. Antisocial personality disorder 4. Anxiety disorders 5. Mood disorders

Question 33

Manifestations of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 33

1. Prenatal and Postnatal growth deficiency 2. Facial malformations 3. CNS dysfunction 4. Varying degrees of major organ system malfunction

Question 34

2 Major objectives for treatment for clients with substance disorders

Answer 34

1. Safe removal of the chemical from their bodies (detoxification) 2. Breaking through the denial that perpetuates the illness (rehabilitation)

Question 35

5 Most common reasons for not obtaining treatment for substance abuse

Answer 35

1. Not ready to stop using 2. Could not afford the cost 3. Did not know where to go for help 4. Fear of negative effects on the job 5. Worry that neighbors/community would have a negative opinion