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Substance Use Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

_______ of people with mood disorders have a co-occurring _________.

A

~30%, substance use disorder

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2
Q

Dual diagnosis is when an individual has both a _______ and _______.

A

mental disorder, substance use disorder

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3
Q

Having Depressive Disorder = ______ more likely for a _________ in one’s lifetime

A

2/3.5x, substance use disorder

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4
Q

Having Bipolar disorder = ______ more likely for a __________ during one’s lifetime

A

4/7.5x, substance use disorder

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5
Q

Dual diagnosis equals a (5) …..

A

greater severity of illness
worse course of illness,
greater difficulties in functioning,
poorer treatment response,
increase suicidality

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6
Q

With Dual Diagnosis, both disorders typically have their onset in _______/______– which makes it troublesome for finding the relationships in ________.

A

late adolescence,early adulthood, causality

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7
Q

Secondary Psychiatric Disorder Model is when the incidence of ______ increases the risk for ______

A

SUD, mood disorder

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8
Q

In the Secondary Psychiatric Disorder Model, ______ is the therapeutic target

A

SUD

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9
Q

Secondary Substance Abuse Model is defined as incidence of a ______ increases risk for a ______.

A

mood disorder, SUD

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10
Q

In the Secondary Substance Abuse Model, _____ are the therapeutic target

A

Mood Disorders,

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11
Q

In the Bidirectional Model …

A

each disorder involves separate etiologies, but exacerbate each other

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12
Q

In the Bidirectional Model, _____ and ______ are the therapeutic target

A

SUD, Mood Disorders

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13
Q

In the Third Variable or Common Factor Models, both disorders have …

A

shared mechanisms for development

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14
Q

In the Third Variable or Common Factor Models, the _____ is the therapeutic target

A

Common factor

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15
Q

Substance Use Disorders are divided into ______ separate classes: (list classes)

A

10, Alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives, stimulants, tobacco, other

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16
Q

Substance Use Disorders are generally divided into: …

A

Substance use disorders or Substance-induced disorders

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17
Q

_______ is not used in the DSM to classify _________.

A

Addiction, drug-related disorders

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18
Q

IN DSM5, Addictive Disorders include ……

A

Gambling disorder

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19
Q

List the features for diagnosed SUD…

A
  1. Increased drug taking
  2. Unsuccessful efforts to cut down
  3. A great deal of time spent
  4. Craving or strong desire to use
    5-7. Social, occupational or recreational activities reduced due to drug use
  5. Physically Hazardous use
  6. Continued use despite physical or psychological problem made worse by drug
  7. Tolerance
  8. Withdrawal
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20
Q

specific diagnostic categories for opioids ….

A

Opioid use disorder, Opioid Intoxication, Opioid Withdrawal

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21
Q

The diagnostic criteria of a Substance-Use Disorder: manifested by at least _______ of the following _______ features, occurring within a ______ period.

A

2, 11, 12-month

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22
Q

Specifier: Mild is defined as…

A

(2-3 symptoms)

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23
Q

Specifier: Moderate is defined as….

A

(4-5 symptoms)

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24
Q

Specifier: Severe is defined as….

A

(6 or more symptoms)

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25
Addiction is defined as ...
a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry
26
In addiction, ________ in these brain _______ leads to characteristic biological, psychological, and social manifestations
dysfunction, circuits
27
Addiction is characterized by..... (4 main characteristics)
1.Inability to consistently abstain from use. 2.impairment in behavioral control and craving 3.diminished recognition of significant problems with one’s behaviors and interpersonal relationships 4.dysfunctional emotional response
28
Addiction is delineated as a vicious cycle of 3 stages :
Preoccupation Anticipation, Binge Intoxication, Withdrawl Negative Affect
29
In the Addiction Cycle, each stage becomes more ______ as ________ , which is described as __________.
intense, drug exposure increases, spiraling distress
30
Two shifts as addiction __________: 1) Shift from _________ to _________ 2.) Shift from _________ to _________
progresses, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, impulsivity, compulsivity
31
Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine System: Includes the ______ to the _______.
VTA, NAc
32
All drugs of abuse impinge on the __________ to cause _________.
mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, rapid DA increases
33
Dopamine is involved in: 1.) 2.)
Motivation, Learning
34
Motivation is ....
more or less likely to approach or avoid stimuli
35
Learning is ....
reward-prediction outcome
36
Dopamine will ________ firing to unexpected _______
increase, salient/ rewarding events
37
Dopamine will fire on cues that .....
predict reward
38
Dopamine will _______ its activity to the _______ of ________
alter, omission, expected stimuli
39
Drug addiction can cause _________ in many _______.
neuroplastic alterations, brain regions
40
Binge/Intoxication (Reward), includes ....
Habits, goal-directed action, reward-seeking
41
Binge/Intoxication (Reward), brain regions...
VTA, NAc, Basal Ganglia
42
Withdrawal (Stress/emotion), includes .....
Dysphoria, negative emotional states, irritability, stress, anxiety
43
Withdrawal (Stress/emotion), brain regions....
Amygdala, BNST
44
Preoccupation/anticipation (Executive control), includes...
Craving, decision-making, self-regulation (inability to resist strong urges), memory impairments
45
Preoccupation/anticipation (Executive control), brain regions ...
Hippocampus, Prefrontal Cortex regions
46
Addiction has a ________ component to the disease (_______ of addiction risk is due to ______).
heritable, 40-60%, genes
47
Twin studies show higher rate of shared substance use disorder observed in ________ twins than between _______ twins
monozygotic, dizygotic
48
Adoption studies show ______ rates of shared substance use disorder observed in adoptees whose ________ parents had ________.
higher, biological, history of substance abuse
49
_____ SNPS identified for general addiction risk factor ______ SNPS identified for specific for types of drugs. Many ______ are linked with __________.
17, 47, SNPS, dopamine signaling
50
Early life experiences / environment can affect one's ....
vulnerability to addiction
51
The number of ________ was strongly associated with adulthood _________.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), addictive behaviors
52
Environmental Enrichment Model, showed that rodents raised in an _________ take ________ than standard, __________ rats
enriched environment, less drug, impoverished housed
53
Social Interaction Study showed, rodents choose _______ over ______
“buddy”, drug
54
Diagnostic confounding is when _______ of addiction and mood disorders can ______ the diagnostic process and lead to _____
overlapping symptoms, confuse, misdiagnosis
55
Drug abuse symptoms / states can mimic ....
mood disorder symptoms
56
Substance-Induced Bipolar/Depressive Disorder is a disturbance in mood that is characterized by ...
elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, with or without depressed mood or markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities
57
The symptoms in Substance-Induced Bipolar/Depressive Disorder could develop during or soon after ________, or________, or after exposure to a _______.
substance intoxication, withdrawl, medication
58
Evidence of an independent mood disorder could include the following: The symptoms ________ the onset of the ________ use The symptoms persist for a ________ period of time, after the cessation of ________ or __________.
precede, substance/medication, substantial, acute withdrawal, severe intoxication
59
Onset during intoxication ....
development of syndrome due to the recent ingestion of a substance
60
Onset during withdrawal ....
development of syndrome due to the cessation of, or reduction substance use
61
Many substances can induce different ________ especially with regard to _______ and ________ symptomology both during drug __________ and _________ phases
pathological states, Bipolar, Depressive, intoxication, withdrawal
62
Disorder fostering disorder / kindling hypothesis ...
pathological effect of mood disorder or addiction, biologically, increases the risk for the other
63
Disorder fostering disorder / kindling hypothesis: One disorder may _______ the brain to make individuals more ________ for another disorder when a potential _______ occurs
sensitize, vulnerable, “insult”
64
Disorder fostering disorder / kindling hypothesis, implies overlapping ________ and overlapping _________ in _________ brain regions
genetic vulnerabilities, brain dysfunction, shared
65
mood disorders could _____ the brain so someone becomes more _______ to __________
shape, vulnerable, substances
66
Self-medication is when we...
treat symptoms via drugs of abuse to relieve distressing emotions
67
_______ of people with major depression self medicate
23-41%
68
Individuals may select a _____ to _______ their ________
drug, alleviate, specific symptoms
69
For depression, people may self medicate with _________ to energize them and treat _________.
stimulants, low mood / anhedonia
70
For mania, people may self medicate with ________ for ________ effects to control excess ________.
opiates, mellowing, energy /insomnia
71
General addiction risk factors associated with drug use include......
1) cope with anxiety and depression 2) family history of mental illness
72
We have _____ developed medications specifically for ....
not, dual diagnosis
73
In dual diagnosis, wait to start _______ until after _________ ends, because symptoms could __________, and this also removes ________ of withdrawal and medication side effects
medication, detox / withdrawal, resolve on their own, confounding symptoms
74
Integrated Group Therapy is a form of _____ specifically designed to treat _________ of _______ disorder and _________ disorder
CBT, dual diagnosis, bipolar, substance use
75
Integrated Group Therapy central theme: Rather than viewing the patient as having ________, the patient/therapist should view it as a _________
two distinct disorders, having a single disorder
76
In Integrated Group Therapy the goal is to treat both disorders with _______ weight to the point that it’s viewed as _________ and understand the __________.
equal, one disorder, relationships between the two
77
With Integrated Group Therapy, focus on similarities between “________ thinking” and “________ thinking
addictive, depressive

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