Substance Use-Related and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

What are the 2 categories of substance use-related and addictive disorders?

Answer 1

1. Substance use disorders.

2. Substance induced disorders.

Question 2

What is a substance use disorder?

Answer 2

Patterns of maladaptive behaviour involving the use of a psychoactive substance. Includes substance abuse and substance dependance disorders.

Question 3

What is a substance induced disorder?

Answer 3

Disorders induced by the use of psychoactive substances, including intoxication, withdrawal symptoms, mood disorders, delirium, and amnesia.

Question 4

Substance use disorder involves the continued use of a psychoactive drug, despite the knowledge that it…

Answer 4

Contributes to problems.

Question 5

What is tolerance?

Answer 5

It takes more of the drug to get you back to the baseline from before.

Question 6

What is withdrawal syndrome?

Answer 6

Happens when you stop taking the drug, and you experience adverse effects.

Question 7

What is tachycardia?

Answer 7

Abnormally rapid heartbeat.

Question 8

What are some features of Delirium Tremens?

Answer 8

Sweating, hallucinations, tremors, jitters, and confusion. Occurs after you suddenly stop taking a drug.

Question 9

What is addiction?

Answer 9

Impaired control over the use of a chemical substance accompanied by physiological dependence.

Question 10

What is physiological dependence?

Answer 10

State of being physically dependent on a drug which the users’ body comes to depend on a steady supply.

Question 11

What is psychological dependence?

Answer 11

Reliance on a substance, although one may not be physically dependent.

Question 12

What are the top 3 commonly used drugs in North America?

Answer 12

1. Tobacco.
2. Alcohol.
3. Marijuana.

Question 13

What are the 3 steps in the pathway to drug dependence?

Answer 13

1. Experimentation.
2. Routine use.
3. Addiction/powerlessness.

Question 14

What is part of the experimentation step in the pathway to drug dependence?

Answer 14

Enjoying the experience. Can be the result of peer pressure. Still in control.

Question 15

What is part of the routine use step in the pathway to drug dependence?

Answer 15

In denial, have a hard time changing habits. Life changes to accommodate.

Question 16

What is part of the addiction/powerlessness step in the pathway to drug dependence?

Answer 16

Uncontrollable, physiological reactions.

Question 17

What are some risk factors for alcoholism?

Answer 17

• Gender (women start later, but catch up).
• Age (prior to 40).
• Antisocial personality disorder (increases risk).
• Family history (modelling).
• Sociodemographic factors.

Question 18

What are some conceptions of alcoholism?

Answer 18

Disease, moral deficit, or behaviour pattern.

Question 19

Some people believe that psychologically, alcohol can make you…

Answer 19

More calm, more social.

Question 20

What are some physical health risks associated with alcohol, and what do they cause?

Answer 20

Alcohol-induced persisting amnesia and Korsakoff’s Syndrome. Can be traced to a thiamine deficiency, can cause memories to be replaced with false/faulty ones.

Question 21

Moderate drinking can have positive effects on the ___.

Answer 21

Heart.

Question 22

How are different ethnic groups affected by alcohol?

Answer 22

First Nations are more likely to get addicted, while Jews are less likely. Asians tend to drink less.

Question 23

What are barbiturates?

Answer 23

Sedatives. They are relaxing, induce sleep, reduce stress and tension.

Question 24

What is the most common street drug?

Answer 24

Barbiturates.

Question 25

Barbiturates are less/more powerful when mixed with alcohol.

Answer 25

More.

Question 26

What are opiates?

Answer 26

Narcotics, analgesia, and endorphins. Used for pain relieving, can cause euphoria.

Question 27

What is withdrawal symptoms for opiates similar to?

Answer 27

Flu symptoms.

Question 28

What are stimulants?

Answer 28

"Uppers". Amphetamines that get you super high and end in a crash.

Question 29

What is cocaine?

Answer 29

Includes crack cocaine. Cocaine is the most habit forming, and people are prone to binges.

Question 30

What is freebasing?

Answer 30

When cocaine users heat or freeze cocaine, then smoke it.

Question 31

Nicotine is sometimes taken because people believe...

Answer 31

It can lead to weight loss, or that it can reduce nervousness.

Question 32

Nicotine and cigarettes cause __% of lung cancer.

Answer 32

90.

Question 33

_ million people a year die from nicotine addictions.

Answer 33

3.

Question 34

___ cancer recently surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of death for women.

Answer 34

Lung.

Question 35

What are hallucinogens?

Answer 35

Psychodialectics and LSD. Can result in flashbacks, which can be positive or negative.

Question 36

Flashbacks are not memories, they are...

Answer 36

Re-experiences.

Question 37

Which people smoke more?

Answer 37

Aboriginal and lower class.

Question 38

What is phencyclidine (PCP)?

Answer 38

A readily available and inexpensive drug that was originally used as an anaesthetic, can cause delirium, disorientation, and dissociation.

Question 39

Marijuana is also called ___ or ___, and its use is more common in...

Answer 39

THC, hashish, 18-30 year old males.

Question 40

What are inhalants?

Answer 40

Can include adhesives, aerosols, paint, markers, etc. Can lead to a sense of intoxication and euphoria. Dosing can lead to death.

Question 41

What is gambling disorder classified as under DSM-V?

Answer 41

A substance use disorder.

Question 42

Biological perspectives maintain that substance use disorders can be a result of:

Answer 42

- Neurotransmitters. - Brain's reward centres (serotonin and cocaine). - Dopamine.

Question 43

Which substances can have effects on dopamine levels and lead to substance use disorders?

Answer 43

1. Nicotine. 2. Alcohol. 3. Heroin. 4. Cocaine. 5. Marijuana.

Question 44

Learning perspectives maintain that substance use disorders can be a result of:

Answer 44

- Operant conditioning. - Alcohol and tension reduction. - Negative reinforcement and withdrawal (peer pressure). - Conditioning Model of Cravings. - Observational learning.

Question 45

What is the Conditioning Model of Cravings?

Answer 45

People are conditioned to crave certain things in certain situations. For example, craving popcorn in a movie theatre, but not in everyday life.

Question 46

Cognitive perspectives maintain that substance use disorders can be a result of:

Answer 46

- Outcome experiences and decision making. - Self Efficacy Experiment. - Does one slip cause people to go into binges? - What you believe is what you get.

Question 47

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 47

Self-efficacy is the extent or strength of one's belief in one's own ability to complete tasks and reach goals.

Question 48

According to the Psychodynamic Perspective and Freud, smoking is a result of...

Answer 48

Oral fixation.

Question 49

According to the sociocultural perspective, are there variations of addictions between different cultural groups?

Answer 49

Yes.

Question 50

What are some treatment methods used by the biological perspective?

Answer 50

- Detoxification. - Disulfiram. - Antidepressants. - Nicotine Replacement Therapy. - Methadone Maintenance Programs. - Naloxone and naltrexone.

Question 51

What is disulfiram?

Answer 51

A drug that discourages alcohol use.

Question 52

What are antidepressants used to treat?

Answer 52

Cocaine addictions.

Question 53

What are Methadone Maintenence Programs used to treat?

Answer 53

Heroin.

Question 54

What are Naloxone and Naltextrose used to treat, and how?

Answer 54

Blocks high produced by heroin and opiates.

Question 55

Give an example of a nonprofessional support group.

Answer 55

Alcoholics Anonymous

Question 56

What are some treatment methods used by the behavioural approach?

Answer 56

- Self-control strategies. - Aversive conditioning. - Social skills training (Raj from BBT). - Relapse Preventing Training.

Question 57

What percentage of patients relapse?

Answer 57

50-90%.

Question 58

What is the Abstinence Violation Effect?

Answer 58

If you slip up once, you go on a binge because you think that you already messed up and can't make it worse.

Question 59

What are the Stages of Change?

Answer 59

1. Precontemplation. 2. Contemplation. 3. Preparation. 4. Action. 5. Adaptation/Maintenence. 6. Evaluation.

Question 60

With respect to Stages of Change, what is precontemplation?

Answer 60

No intention to change, and unaware of problem.

Question 61

With respect to Stages of Change, what is contemplation?

Answer 61

Aware problem exists and serious evaluation of options, but not committed to taking action.

Question 62

With respect to Stages of Change, what is preparation?

Answer 62

Intends to take action and makes small changes- needs to set goals and priorities.

Question 63

With respect to Stages of Change, what is action?

Answer 63

Dedicates considerable time and energy, make overt and viable changes, develops strategies to deal with barriers.

Question 64

With respect to Stages of Change, what is adaptation/maintenence?

Answer 64

Works to adapt and adjust to facilitate maintenance of change.

Question 65

With respect to Stages of Change, what is evaluation?

Answer 65

Assessment and feedback to continue dynamic change process.

Question 66

Deciding to, or not deciding to take drugs is called ___.

Answer 66

Compliance.

Question 67

What are the key features of delerium tremens and delerium?

Answer 67

Delerium tremens is mainly hallucinations, while delerium is confusion.