Substances And Reactions

Question 0

Solids

Answer 0

• holds shape
• Fixed volume

(Has shape and volume)

Question 1

Methods of classifying substances

Answer 1

• solids, liquids, and gases
• elements, mixtures, and compounds
• metals, non-metals, and semi-metals

Question 2

Liquids

Answer 2

• shape of container
• free surface
• fixed volume
• has volume but adopt shape of container

Question 3

Gases

Answer 3

• Shape of container
• Volume of Container
• occupies the shape and volume of container

Question 4

How do substances change their state?

Answer 4

• matter, solid, and gases exist because each has a different balance of kinetic and potential energy. When energy is added or removed, it changes state

Question 5

What is matter composed of? Be specific.

Answer 5

Matter is composed of particles.
- atoms
- ions
- molecules
(Pneumonic: particles have good AIM)

Question 6

Interatomic Forces

Answer 6

How particles attract each other

Question 7

What does the state of matter depend on?

Answer 7

Balance between:

• kinetics energy of particles (tending to separate)
• attraction between particles (tending to pull together)

Question 8

Element

Answer 8

• Pure Substance
• Contains only one atom
• represented by symbols on period table
• can be classified as metals, non metals, and semi-metal (metalloids

Question 9

Metalloid

Answer 9

Otherwise known as a semi-metal

Question 10

Metals

Answer 10

• shiny appearance
• good conductors of heat and electricity
• ductile
• malleable

Question 11

Ductile

Answer 11

Metals that can be drawn into wires

Question 12

Malleable

Answer 12

Metals that can be hammered into different shapes

Question 13

Non-metals

Answer 13

• dull appearance
• poor conductors of heat and electricity
• brittle

Question 14

Compound

Answer 14

• Pure substance made of two or more elements
• Combined in fixed proportion
• Has more than one atom
• can only be broken down by chemical means
• may contain ions or molecules

Question 15

Ions

Answer 15

• Particle of an atom carrying a charge
• Axions or Cations
• Formed when metals loses electrons and non-metals gain those electrons

Question 16

Mixture

Answer 16

• contains two or more substances (could be molecules or compounds)
• can be separated by physical means

Question 17

Physical Separtion

Answer 17

• the separation of a mixture using a change of energy
• ie: sea water has NaCl. By applying heat to the waters boiling point, the water separates from the salt by evaporating and the heavier NaCl remains at the bottom

Question 18

Physical Change

Answer 18

• A substance may change shapes or state, but remains the same substance.
• ie: when heated to boiling point, water may become steam; however, it is still water

Question 19

Chemical Change

Answer 19

• Involves changing one or more substances into different

- compounds might decompose into its elements, or into new compounds

Question 20

Decompose

Answer 20

Compound breaking apart into its elements

Question 21

Composition of Substances

Answer 21

Composed of Atoms, ions, and Molecules

Question 22

Atom

Answer 22

• smallest part of an element that behaves like a bulk sample of said element
• 10 to the -10 in diameter

Question 23

Molecule

Answer 23

• A group of atoms bound together so they behave as a single particle
• The smallest particle of a compound that behaves like a bulk sample of said compound
• a few elements existing as individual atoms (such as helium, neon, argon
• Can be diatomic or polyatomic
• Compounds formed between atoms of different non-metals (ie: Carbon dioxide- CO2; aspirin - C9H8HO4)

Question 24

Diatomic

Answer 24

Molecules consisting of just two atoms

Question 25

Polyatomic

Answer 25

Molecules consisting of many atoms

Question 26

Giant Molecules

Answer 26

- Many elements existing as giant 3D arrangement of atoms. | - ie: metals, carbon (as diamond or graphite)

Question 27

Small Molecules

Answer 27

- composed of only a few atoms | - i.e.: hydrogen, oxygen

Question 40

Breakdown of a mixture

Answer 40

Mixture --> Compound --> Molecule --> Atoms --> *Ions - A mixture is a MIX of compounds - A compound is a group of molecules - A molecule is a group of atoms - An atom is made of protons/electrons - *Ions are molecules or atoms that have lost or gained electrons

Question 41

Cations

Answer 41

Ions with a positive charge

Question 42

Anions

Answer 42

Ions with a negative charge

Question 43

Common Cations

Answer 43

Common name --------- Formula Aluminum --------- Al⬆️3+

Question 44

Ionic compound

Answer 44

- The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative charges bring particles together, creating a bond - A metal to non-metal reaction