Subunit 2.1 "Launching The New Ship of State 1789-1800 Flashcards
Bill of Rights
The first ten Amendments to the Constitution (adopted 1791), part of the agreement between Madison and the Anti federalists, needed to be ratified. Protected Americans from the tyranny of the national government and was written into the Constitution itself.
Judiciary Act of 1789
Set up the federal judiciary court system including the Supreme Court and attorney general.
Alexander Hamilton
Born a poor bastard in the West Indies, married into wealth. Became Washington’s Secretary of the Treasury. He planned to shape the policies of Washington’s administration to aid the wealthy. (father of trickle-down economy)
Hamilton;s Three Part Financial Plan
Part #1: Funding and Assumption of the Rev. War Debt: The federal government would assume/pay all state war debts and shift the attachment of wealthy creditors from the states to the national government. PASSED
Part #2: The Protective Tariff: Tax on imports that would bring revenue while simultaneously protecting the infant industries in the U.S. from competition from lower priced foreign goods. FAILED
Part #3: The National Bank of the U.S.
Wanted a National Bank to handle federal government business. PASSED
1794 Whiskey Rebellion
A federal excise tax on whiskey, like sales tax. Western Penn. was hit the hardest, so they revolted (like Shays and Bacon’s rebellion). Washington commanded an army of 10,000 to put down this rebellion. Defiance was not allowed under the new constitution!
Federalist Party
Favored an active federal government, a treasury that played a vital role in the nation’s economic life, and pro-British foreign policy. Strong support from merchants, manufacturers, and residents of New England.
Democratic- Republican Party
Advocated a limited federal govn’t , little interference in economic affairs, and a pro-French foreign policy. Popular among debt-ridden farmers, artisans, and southerners.
General “Mad Anthony” Wayne
Despite support from the British to the N.A., U.S. troops under him crushed the Northwest tribes at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
N.A. agreed to leave their lands and move west across the Mississippi in return for the recognition of their tribe as a foreign nation with the right to negotiate the treaty. This treaty caused problems when U.S. wanted to remove these tribes from their land.
French Revolution
Between 1789-93 Washington’s first term, the vast majority of Americans favored the French Revolution. However, in ‘93 with the outbreak of the “Reign of Terror” the nation split and polarized over the war. Fed. opposed, DR favored it.
The Neutrality Proclamation (1793)
When England rose to resist the French Rev. President Wash. said the U.S. would remain neutral in the conflict. It established the foundation for American’s long history of trying to isolate itself from foreign entanglements- an isolationist policy.
The Citizen Genet Incident (1793)
Citizen Gent visited the U.S. as an official agent of the French Revolutionary govn’t trying to get Americans to support the revolutionary thinking and arguing that President Washington’s position did not really represent the thinking of the american ppl. Created tremendous tension between the French govn’t and U.S. govn’t.
Jay Treaty (1795)
- The British exit from the forts they still occupied near the Great Lakes.
- Payment of war debts by the U.S. Govnt to the British govnt for loss of property during war
- Payment of pre-Revolutionary War debt owed British merchants by southern plantation owners.
The Pinckney Treaty
A treaty that Thomas Pickney negotiated with Spain dealing with the U.S./Florida border, use of New Orleans, and the base of the Mississippi River Valley as a port of export. The Democraic-Republicans saw the Jay Treaty as tantamount to treason since Most of the agreement sought to appease the British, while the Federalists saw the Pickney Treaty as pro- DR.
Washington’s Farewell Address (1797)
Published in the newspaper. 2 warnings= 1) warned American people that the country would not and could not survive if political parties were allowed to continue to polarize the expense of the unified national interest. 2) Warned that the U.S. could not survive in its infancy if it got involved in European affairs and therefore advised that it was best to stay out of permanent alliances with foreign nations.
