sucliffe

Question 1

Eukaryotics

Answer 1

histones, linear DNA, membrane bound, bigger ribosomes

Question 2

Prokaryotes

Answer 2

no protein, circular DNA, no membrane bound, smaller ribosomes

Question 3

G1

Answer 3

cell growth protein synthesis

Question 4

S

Answer 4

DNA replication

Question 5

G2

Answer 5

growth and preparation for mitosis

Question 6

prophase

Answer 6

chromosomes are short and fat nucleus envelope breaks, start to form spindle fibres

Question 7

metaphase

Answer 7

chromosome line across equator spindle fibres attaché to centromere

Question 8

Anaphase

Answer 8

spindle fibres contract sister chromatids pulled to opposite poles

Question 9

telophase

Answer 9

spindle fibres disintegrate chromatids are now chromosomes, nucleur envelope forms

Question 10

cytosine

Answer 10

cell divides along middle two identical daughter cells

Question 11

findings melson and sahlin

Answer 11

DNA with combination of heavy original strands and light new strands settled in the middle

Question 12

cancer

Answer 12

uncontrolled cell division resulting from mutation which can cause a malignant tumour

Question 13

malignant

Answer 13

the ability of a tumour to spread to form secondary tumours

Question 14

benign

Answer 14

a tumour that does not or has not spread

Question 15

how many naturally occurring amino acids are there

Answer 15

20

Question 16

what is a amino acid a monomer for

Answer 16

proteins

Question 17

amino acid + amino acid

Answer 17

dipeptide through condensation reaction

Question 18

biuret test

Answer 18

test for the presence of protein

Question 19

positive biuret test result

Answer 19

blue to violet

Question 20

primary structure of protein

Answer 20

the sequence of amino acids

Question 21

secondary structure of protein

Answer 21

hydrogen bonds form between folded peptide forming alpha helix and beta pleated sheets

Question 22

amorphous regions

Answer 22

within secondary structure still within a chain no shape

Question 23

tertiary protein structure

Answer 23

precise threodimensionl structure with hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulphite bonds, van Der woals forces

Question 24

what bonds are broken by tempreture

Answer 24

van der waal’s, hydrogen

Question 25

what bonds are broken by reducing agents

Answer 25

disulphide

Question 26

what are iconic bonds broken by

Answer 26

change in PH

Question 27

Quaterny structure

Answer 27

multiple polypeptides joined in one protein

Question 28

variables effecting enzyme activity

Answer 28

enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, ph, temperature

Question 29

what do enzymes do

Answer 29

lower the activation energy

Question 30

substrates have a complementary shape to what

Answer 30

the active site

Question 31

lock and key model

Answer 31

proposed that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly

Question 32

induced fit model

Answer 32

when an enzyme and substrate come together there interaction causes a small shift in the enzymes structure

Question 33

competitive inhibitors

Answer 33

chemicals that slow down the rate or stop the reaction

Question 34

non- competitive inhibitors

Answer 34

binds to somewhere else on the enzyme

Question 35

allostretic site

Answer 35

place where non competitive inhibitor binds too

Question 36

intraspecefic competition

Answer 36

when individuals of the same species compete for resources

Question 37

interspecific competition

Answer 37

when individuals of different species compete for resources

Question 38

random sampling

Answer 38

compare two areas

Question 39

transect sampling

Answer 39

looking for change in organisms over a certain distance

Question 40

capture mark recapture equation

Answer 40

total on first X total on second / recaptured on second

Question 54

Gene

Answer 54

A section of dna that contains coded information for making proteins & RNA

Question 55

Degenerate

Answer 55

Most amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet

Question 56

Non overlapping

Answer 56

Each base in the sequence is only read once

Question 57

Universal

Answer 57

Each triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms

Question 58

MRNA

Answer 58

single helix strand | RNA qualities

Question 59

TRNA

Answer 59

Single stranded chain folded into a clover shape anticodon loop held together by hydrogen bonds between specific base pairs Has anticodon and amino acid binding site

Question 60

Pre- mRNA

Answer 60

Contains introns which need to be removed

Question 61

Deletion or addition mutation

Answer 61

Lead to frame shift will effect polypeptide

Question 62

Substitution

Answer 62

May or may not affect the polypeptide but only effects one amino acid