Suffixes Flashcards
-ura
Type of word: English equivalents (2): Used for (2):
Examples:
-ura
Type of word: noun
English equivalents: “-ness”, “-ght” / “-gth”
Used for:
1) “abstract nouns”
2) “the state of” the adjective they are derived from; adjective made into a concept
Examples: hondura (depth), ternura (tenderness), la cobertura (coverage, covering)
-ez & -eza
Type of word:
English equivalents:
Used for:
Notes:
Examples:
-ez & -eza
Type of word: noun
English equivalents: “-ness”, “-hood”, or “-ty”.
Used for: “abstract noun”; a state or condition
Notes: adjective or noun made into a concept
Examples: maduro – la madurez (maturity) estúpido/a – la estupidez (stupidity) la grandeza (greatness, grandeur) la certeza (certainty, accuracy)
-dad
Type of word:
English equivalents:
Used for:
Examples:
-dad
Type of word: noun
English equivalents: mostly “ty”, sometimes “ness”, “ship”, “hood”
Used for: abstract nouns
Examples: Navidad (Nativity), Dualidad (duality), Calidad (quality), la maternidad/la paternidad (motherhood, maternity / fatherhood, paternity), la bondad (goodness, kindness)
-ería
Type of word:
English equivalents:
Used for:
Notes:
Examples:
-ería
Type of word: noun
English equivalents: “-ery” / “-ary”, “____ store”
Used for: “place where ___ is made/bought” or “things pertaining to ___”
Notes: always feminine
Examples: La peluquería (barbers), La cervecería (brewery), La lavandería (laundromat)
Diminutive suffixes (3 +2):
-ito / -ita (-cito / -cita when word doesn’t end in a, o or ‘te’)
“-illo / -illa” (-cillo, -cilla) (ES)
“-cico / -cica” (ES)
- ote / -ota (also augmentative; positive or negative)
- uelo / -uela (sometimes derogatory)
Augmentative suffixes (4+1):
- ísimo / -ísima
- ón / -ona (sometimes derogatory)
- azo / -aza (also a hit/blow of something)
- udo / -uda (mostly for fun e.g. peludo = hairy, furry)
-ote / -ota (also diminutive; positive or negative)
Derogatory suffixes (7):
- ucho / -ucha
- uelo / -uela (also diminutive)
- ón / -ona (also augmentative)
- ote / -ota (also diminutive; positive or negative)
- aco, -aca
- acho, -acha
- ajo, -aja
-ote / -ota
Type of word:
Used for:
Examples:
-ote / -ota
Type of word: nouns or adjectives Used for (3): diminutive; augmentative; derogatory
Examples: cabeza (head) — cabezota (a big-headed, stubborn person)
amigo (friend) — amigote (buddy, pal, mate)
-ucho / -ucha
Type of word:
Used for:
Examples:
-ucho / -ucha
Type of word: noun or adjective
Used for: derogatory suffix
Examples:
casa (house) — casucha (shack, hovel)
flaco (thin) — flacucho (skinny)
médico (doctor) — medicucho (quack, quackish)
-ón, -ona
Type of word:
Used for:
Notes (2):
Examples:
-ón, -ona
Type of word: noun or adjective
Used for: augmentative
Notes (2):
1) Nouns: feminine become masculine e.g. casa – el casón. Feminine adjective: ona
2) Infinitives: add to root of some to mean a sharp, sudden action e.g. apagar – apagón (blackout) or a derogatory value e.g. mirar – mirón/mirona (nosy)
Examples:
Llorar – llorón / Llorona (crybaby), tragar – tragón / tragona (greedy-guts, pig)
la puerta – el portón (gate), la cuchara – el cucharón (ladle)
uelo / -uela
Used for:
uelo / -uela
Used for: Diminutive & sometimes derogatory
e.g.
paño (cloth) — pañuelo (handkerchief)
ladrón (thief) — ladronzuelo (burglar, safe-cracker)
-azo / -aza
Type of word: Used for (2):
Examples:
-azo / -aza
Type of word: noun Used for (2): augmentative & a hit/blow of something
Examples:
Un cocho - un cochazo, orejazas enormes (super big ears)
puño (fist) – puñetazo (punch), puerta – portazo (slam of the door)
The tenderness
la ternura
Coverage, covering
la cobertura
maturity
la madurez
Stupidity
la estupidez
Greatness, grandeur
la grandeza
Certainty, accuracy
la certeza
duality
la dualidad
quality
la calidad
The barbers
La peluquería
Brewery
La cervecería
The laundromat
La lavandería
hairy, furry
peludo, a
