Sugar Flashcards
What are the 4 main types of sugars ?
Monosaccharides
Disaccharide
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Give examples of Monosaccharide
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Give examples of Disaccharides
Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose
Give examples of Oligosaccharides
Dextrins - present in syrups used in bakeries.
Give examples of Polysaccharides
Sugary Syrups
Starch (lots of glucose units)
Inulin (lots of fructose units)
What is a Monosaccharide?
- aka Simple Sugars
- have 1 sugar unit
- made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen atoms
- Less sweet than disaccharides
What is Glucose?
Glucose is a monosaccharide.
One of the bodies main sources of fuel in the form of carbohydrates.
What is fructose?
Fructose is a sugar found in many plants. Fruit contains fructose and glucose which makes up sucrose (disaccharide).
Main sugar in honey/molasses.
What sugar raises your blood sugar?
Glucose raises blood sugar.
Insulin is needed to metabolise it.
What is Galactose?
Found in nature combined with other sugars. (Glucose + Galactose = Lactose)
Also found in complex carbohydrates such as polysaccharides.
What is Sucrose?
Sucrose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose.
Crystalline substance that comes from sugar cane or beet.
Found in many plants
What is Lactose?
Lactose is a disaccharides of glucose and galactose.
It’s non fermentable by yeast.
We use enzyme lactase (produced on the intestines) to break down lactose.
What is maltose?
Maltose is a disaccharide of 2 glucose molecules.
A sugar produced by malting grains.
Can be made from barley rice or wheat.
Used in dough, aids fermentation of barley, rice, or wheat.
What are some other names for glucose ?
Blood Sugar
Grape Sugar
Glucose Syrup
Dextrose (dry glucose powder)
What is glucose syrup?
Its used in bakery can be produced to have a dextrose equivalent from 80-99%.
What is DE?
DE- Dextrose Equivalent measures the degree of hydrolysis - the conversion of starch to glucose syrup.
It is the % of total solids that have been converted to reducing sugars.