sugar

Question 1

Intake of sugar increases risk for

Answer 1

caries

Question 2

Impact of ___ has been positive, even as
sugar consumption increases around the world

Answer 2

fluoride

Question 3

how much sugar should we consume

Answer 3

DV for added sugars: 50g/day for
a 2,000-calorie diet (includes
processed foods, soda, juices, etc.)

Question 4

Alternative Sweeteners- Classifications

Answer 4

polyols
intense sweeteners
nonnutritive sweeteners

Question 5

sugar alcohols

Answer 5

polyols

Question 6

40% of the caloric content
of sucrose
* Physical characteristics like
sucrose
* Not typically great in baking

Answer 6

polyols

Question 7

types of polyols

Answer 7

sirbitol
Erythritol
mannitol
xylitol

Question 8

• Occurs naturally in fruits and berries
  -only 60% as sweet
  -considered noncariogenic, however it is slowly fermented by S.mutans

Answer 8

sorbitol

Question 9

Shown to be cariogenic in patients with
decreased salivary gland function

Answer 9

sorbitol

Question 10

Can cause GI issues if large quantities
digested

Answer 10

sorbitol

Question 11

Naturally occurring polyol found
in seaweed

Answer 11

mannitol

Question 12

Virtually no cariogenic activity
due to slow metabolization from
oral microorganisms

Answer 12

mannitol

Question 13

Used as a dusting agent for
chewing gum and bulking agent
in powdered foods

Answer 13

mannitol

Question 14

50-70% of the relative
sweetness of sugar

Answer 14

mannitol

Question 15

Lingers in intestines and may
cause bloating/diarrhea

Answer 15

mannitol

Question 16

Sweetness level is 60
-80% of sucrose

Answer 16

Erythritol

Question 17

Safe for diabetics; does not affect blood
glucose levels after ingestion

Answer 17

Erythritol

Question 18

Sugar alcohol containing zero calories

Answer 18

Erythritol

Question 19

When eaten in excessive amounts, may
cause GI discomfort

Answer 19

Erythritol

Question 20

Noncariogenic; inhibits the growth of
streptococcus mutans

Answer 20

Erythritol

Question 21

Naturally occurring caloric 5
-carbon
sugar alcohol

Answer 21

xylitol

Question 22

Nonfermentable by oral bacteria and
exhibits antibacterial properties

Answer 22

xylitol

Question 23

Produced commercially from birch trees,
corncobs and the waste from sugarcane

Answer 23

xylitol

Question 24

Sweetness approximates that of
sucrose; however, it is 10x more costly
to produce

Answer 24

xylitol

Question 25

Primarily used in chewing gum, mints, mouthrinses, toothpaste, and sometimes found in syrup and candy

Answer 25

xylitol

Question 26

Xylitol as an Antibacterial 1 2 3

Answer 26

1. Decreases bacterial metabolism and produces a drop in dental plaque pH 2. Promotes the selection of xylitol-resistant mutans streptococci 3. Stimulates salivary secretion

Question 27

Recommend using xylitol-containing products in addition to daily fluoride exposure. at least ___g of xylitol per day needed to acheive optimum therapeutic effect on S. mutans Daily intake should be divided into 3 or 4 doses with exposure time = ___ minutes with each dose

Answer 27

5g 5-10

Question 28

When recommending xylitol products be sure to make it known to patients that xylitol is highly toxic to

Answer 28

dogs Causes rapid/severe increase of insulin productions and leads to hypoglycemia * Higher amounts of xylitol can lead to death

Question 29

know gums g of xylitol?

Question 30

intense sweeteners

Answer 30

aspartame sucralose stevioside (stevia) monk fruit

Question 31

200-700 times sweeter than sucrose * Nonnutritive and noncariogenic * Oldest artificial sweetener used in the US (Sweet ‘N’ Low) * Used as a sweetener in some toothpastes

Answer 31

intense sweeteners= saccharin

Question 32

* 200 times sweeter than sucrose * Soft drinks account for more than 70% of aspartame consumption * FDA requires foods containing aspartame have the following label: PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE * In July 2023, the American Cancer Society and World Health Organization has stated that there is limited evidence that consumption of aspartame might cause cancer (specifically liver cancer).

Answer 32

aspartame

Question 33

* Noncariogenic, nonnutritive sweetener that is 600 times sweeter than sucrose * Poorly absorbed and is largely excreted in the feces and urine, unchanged * No carcinogenic risks posed to humans

Answer 33

sucralose

Question 34

* Natural sweetener extracted from the leaves of a shrub found in South America * 100-300 times sweeter than table sugar * Heat stable (good for baking) * Supports the prevention of caries; streptococcus mutans experience growth suppression and secretes less acid with presence of stevioside * FDA approved in 2008 as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS)

Answer 34

stevioside (stevia)

Question 35

* Natural, zero-calorie sweetener extracted from monk fruit * High in antioxidants, called mogrosidesmaking it 100-250 times sweeter than table sugar * Used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine; FDA approved sweetener in 2010 * Often mixed with other natural sweeteners (such as erythritol) to reduce the intensity of its sweetness

Answer 35

monk fruit