Sugars and Sweeteners (1/22)

Question 1

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 1

simple sugar with one basic unit

Question 2

What are examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 2

glucose (dextrose), fructose, and galactose

Question 3

What are disaccharides?

Answer 3

two monosaccharides linked together

Question 4

What are examples of disaccharides?

Answer 4

sucrose, lactose, and maltose

Question 5

What makes up sucrose?

Answer 5

glucose + fructose

Question 6

What makes up lactose?

Answer 6

glucose + galactose

Question 7

What makes up maltose?

Answer 7

glucose + glucose

Question 8

T/F: glucose and dextrose are the same thing

Answer 8

true

Question 9

What does sucrose and high fructose corn syrup provide?

Answer 9

energy

Question 10

What does sugars promote?

Answer 10

tooth decay

Question 11

Do sugars take up a little or a lot of space?

Answer 11

a lot of space

Question 12

What does sugars hold onto?

Answer 12

water

Question 13

What do sugars react to make?

Answer 13

caramelization and maillard browning

Question 14

rank the sugars from sweetest to least sweet:

Answer 14

fructose, sucrose, glucose, galactose, maltose, lactose

Question 15

What are examples of low calorie sweeteners?

Answer 15

saccharin (bitter), aspartame (bitter), ace-K (bitter), sucralose (lingers), neotame (rare in US), stevia and monkfruit (bitter)

Question 16

What is the structure of aspartame?

Answer 16

two amino acids with a methyl group

Question 17

T/F: aspartame is heat stable

Answer 17

false

Question 18

What is typically added to low-calorie sweeteners?

Answer 18

bulking agents such as sugar alcohol, maltodextrin, and dextrose

Question 19

What is maltodextrin?

Answer 19

starch chopped up into tiny pieces (not calorie free)

Question 20

What is dextrose?

Answer 20

GLUCOSE

Question 21

What effects do sugar alcohols have in the mouth?

Answer 21

a cooling effect

Question 22

What may sugar alcohols be labeled?

Answer 22

sugar free and does not promote tooth decay

Question 23

Sugar alcohols may not be labeled what?

Answer 23

reduced calorie food due to still containing a significant amount of calories

Question 24

What are examples of sugar alcohols?

Answer 24

erythritol, mannitol, isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, and xylitol, sorbitol

Question 25

What is erythritol common in?

Answer 25

sweetener packets

Question 26

What is isomalt useful for?

Answer 26

sugar art

Question 27

What is xylitol common in?

Answer 27

sugar free candies

Question 28

What is sorbitol common in?

Answer 28

sugar free candies and some beverages

Question 29

What are examples of granular sugar?

Answer 29

table sugar, crystalline glucose/fructose/maltodextrins, and brown sugar

Question 30

What is brown sugar?

Answer 30

sucrose with molasses added

Question 31

What are examples of liquid sugar?

Answer 31

corn syrups, molasses, sorghum, maple syrup, honey

Question 32

What sugars does high-fructose corn syrup have?

Answer 32

the same sugars as table sugar

Question 33

What are the different properties of sugar?

Answer 33

solubility; melting point & decomposition by heat; absorption of moisture; fermentation; acid hydrolysis; enzyme hydrolysis; decomposition by alkalies; sweetness

Question 34

What is the most soluble sugar?

Answer 34

fructose

Question 35

What is the least soluble sugar?

Answer 35

lactose

Question 36

What does unsaturated mean?

Answer 36

less than the max dissolved

Question 37

What does saturated mean?

Answer 37

the max is dissolved

Question 38

What does supersaturated mean?

Answer 38

over the max is dissolved

Question 39

What happens to sugars with dry heat?

Answer 39

sugars melt

Question 40

What happens to sugars with heat beyond melting?

Answer 40

decomposition changes resulting in caramelization

Question 41

What happens when sugar absorbs moisture?

Answer 41

clumping

Question 42

Which sugar absorbs the most moisture?

Answer 42

fructose

Question 43

What does hygroscopic mean?

Answer 43

pulls water out of the air around it

Question 44

What does hydroscopic mean?

Answer 44

a term for a thing used to view stuff underwater

Question 45

What does hydrophilic mean?

Answer 45

water-loving/water soluble

Question 46

What does sugars (except lactose) being fermented by yeast produce?

Answer 46

carbon dioxide gas and alcohol

Question 47

What is fermentation important for?

Answer 47

bread making and beer and wine making

Question 48

What does disaccharides "hydrolyzed" by weak acids produce?

Answer 48

monosaccharides

Question 49

T/F: monosaccharides are not affected by acids

Answer 49

true

Question 50

What is the end product of sucrose hydrolysis?

Answer 50

a liquid mixture of glucose and fructose

Question 51

What is another term for the end product of sucrose hydrolysis?

Answer 51

invert sugar

Question 52

What may be hydrolyzed by enzymes?

Answer 52

disaccharides

Question 53

What is sucrase used for in the candy industry?

Answer 53

to produce soft, semifluid centers in chocolates

Question 54

Where is lactase found?

Answer 54

in your gut as a child, may lose it with age

Question 55

When is lactase used in food?

Answer 55

to make dairy tolerable to lactose-intolerant folks

Question 56

T/F: if enzymes are present in food product they must be labeled if they are still active

Answer 56

true