Summary Flashcards
What does Actinobacillus cause? Dz name and species it affects
A. equili: Sleepy Foal dz, Equiine
A. plueropneumoniae: Hemorrhagic Pleural Pneumonia, Swine
A. : Wooden Tongue, Cattle
What dz(s) does Actinomyces cause and in what species?
A. bovis: Lumpy Jaw, Cattle
A. hordeovulneris: Foxtail awns, outdoor/hunting Dogs
What is important about the Dx for Actinomyces?
Aerobic and anaerobic culture is needed for Dx. Colonies grow in the center of lesions, pyogranulomatous and can cause bone lysis
Tx: high dose Penicillin
What kind of bacteria is Actinomyces?
Gram + rod, Facultative pathogen that produces fungal-like spores, aerobic and anaerobic
What Dz does Actinobaculum cause?
A. suis, Pigs “pig STD”
Aerobic commensal in preputial mucosa of boars.
CS: 3-4 wk post infection- cystitis and pyelonephritis -> renal failure -> death
What Dz does Bacillus cause? What do you NOT do when you suspect this pathogen?
B. anthracis, Anthrax
Spore forming saprophyte
virulence: capsule, and tripartite toxins (protective antigen, lethal factor and animal factor)
Do not open the carcass!
Gross lesions: incomplete rigor, bloated, non-clotted blood from orifices, splenomegaly
Dx: direct smear (@ reference lab) stains blue (rods) with pink capsule
What is common to all Brucella species?
All are zoonotic and reportable.
Gram - coccobacilli
Facultative Intracellular pathogen: macrophages
extracellular/environmental
What causes Wool sorter’s dz in people?
B. anthracis, pulmonary dz
cutaneous infection: Malignant Carbuncle
What Dz do Brucella spp cause?
B. abortus: Cattle, abortions or carrier-calf
B. suis: pigs, wild boars are the reservoirs, abortions, osteomyelitis
B. canis: dogs, STD, late abortions
Dx: culture aerobic and anaerobic; All are zoonotic and reportable
What Dz do Borrelia spp cause?
B. burgdorferi: multiple spp, Lyme Dz ZOONOTIC
B. anserine: Avian, septicemic borreliosis, avian spiroketosis
Dx: POC, Westeren blot, Multiplex ELISA
Tx: Doxy
What Dz do Chlamydia spp cause?
C. abortus: Ruminants, enzootic abortions of ewes
C. pecorum: Ruminants, Stiff lamb dz, sporadic bovine encephalitis (young)
C. felis: Cats, Feline pneumonitis, low zoonotic risk
C. psittaci: Avian and high zoonotic risk, Reportable, BSL3; multisystemic dz
Dx: F-ab stain, diff to culture- need cell lines
What is unique about the life cycle of Chlamydia?
Dimorphic: intracellular- epithelial cells (reticulate- replicating phase)
Extracellular (elementary body- infectious phase)
What are the neurotoxic Clostridium?
C. tetani: Tetanus; causes spastic paralysis
dogs/cats- ascending paralysis
people/horses- descending paralysis
Tx: antitoxin Vx
C. botulinum: Botulism; infant botulism, Shaker Foal” flaccid paralysis
Tx: antitoxin, cholingeric drugs
What are the histotoxic Clostridium?
C. chauvoei: ruminants “black leg”
C. septicum: ruminants, birds “pseudo-black leg” Braxy in sheep, necrotic dermatitis in birds
C. novyi: Type A “gas gangrene”
Type B “black dz”
C. piliforme: lab animals, “Tyzzers’ dz” only gram -
C. hemolyticum: ruminants, liver and billary damage
What are the enterotoxic Clostridium?
C. difficile: entercolitis, neonates are resistant; Zoonotic.
C. spiroforme: explosive diarrhea in rabbits
Tx: do not give horses clindamycin, or rabbits linco/clinda/erythromycin
What Clostridium is neurotoxic, enterotoxic and histotoxic?
C. perfringes
Type B: lamb dysentery <3 wk, foal enterotoxemia <1 wk
Type C: swine enterotoxemia, necrotizing hemorrhagic enterotoxemia in pigs
“struck” and enterotoxemia- sheep/goats
Type D: pulpy kidney dz- sheep/goats
enterotoxemia- Cattle, horses
Tpe B and C: calf enterotoxaemia
What causes colisepticemia/colibacillosis?
E. coli + enterobacteriacae
Cb: dz in newborn calves due to not enough colostrum, management issue
Cs: umbilical infections- septicemia, “white spotted kidney”
Edema Dz: swine, E. coli + shigga-like toxin,
What are the anaerobic bacteria?
Clostridium: gram + spore forming rods (C. piliforme gram -)
Fusobacterium: gram - non-spore forming “foot rot”
Bacteroides: non-spore forming gram -
Dichelobacter: non-spore forming gram -; also seen in “summer sores”
What does Anaplasma cause?
Obligate intercellular bacteria
A. phagocytophilum (neutrophils): necrotizing thrombocytopenia (dogs) subclinical limb edema, icterus (horses) vector: ixodes tick
A. platys (platelets- morulas): dogs infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia;
A. marginale (RBC): ruminants, old>young, splenomegaly
what does Erlichia cause?
obligate intercellular: WBC
E. canis: tropical panleukopenia of dogs
vector: brown-dog tick
E. ewingii “canine granulocytc erlichiosis”
vector: ixodes tick
E. ruminantium: Heart water dz, Reportable
Vector: amblyoma tick
what does Coxiella burnetti cause? How is it transmitted?
Q-fever, Zoonotic and reportable, direct transmission
What does Neorickettsia cause?
Vector: trematodes
N. risiticii: “Potamac horse fever” vector: brown bat trematode
N. helminthoceca: Salmon poisoning in dogs
What do Rickettsia spp cause?
Obligate intercellular bacteria, colonizes epithelial cells, Zoonotic
R. rickettsia “Rocky Mt spotted fever” zoonotic
R. felis “flea born spotted fever” vector: cat flea
what does Helicobacter cause?
small, spiral curved, gram - rod- microaerophilc
H. pylori: stomach ulcers and neoplasms
