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Spring 2018 > Summary > Flashcards

Summary Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

Circulation with low pressure, low resistance, thin walls and low o2 saturation

A

Pulmonary circulation

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2
Q

Circulation where pressure is high, resistance is high, walls are thick and O2 saturation is high

A

Systemic circulation

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3
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

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4
Q

Outer layer of the pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium

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5
Q

Inner layer of the pericardium, composed of two layers with fluid between them

A

Serous pericardium

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6
Q

What line the inside of the fibrous pericardium

A

The parietal layer of the serous pericardium

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7
Q

__________ _________ is within the pericardial space between the parietal and visceral layer

A

Pericardial fluid

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8
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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9
Q

Outermost layer of the heart wall; it is also the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

A

Epicardium

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10
Q

Center layer of the heart wall, composed of thick, muscular tissue

A

Myocardium

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11
Q

Lines the inner chambers, valves, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles

A

Endocardium

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12
Q

What is the pressure for the right atrium(RA)?

A

8/5mm Hg

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13
Q

What is the O2 saturation for the right atrium (RA)

A

75%

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14
Q

RA mean is equal to

A

RV end diastole

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15
Q

What is the right ventricle (RV) pressure

A

25/0/5 mmHg

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16
Q

What is the O2 saturation in the right ventricle

A

75%

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17
Q

RV systole is equal to

A

PA systole

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18
Q

What is the pressure for the pulmonary artery (PA)

A

25/10

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19
Q

What is the O2 saturation for the pulmonary artery

A

75%

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20
Q

What is the pressure for the pulmonary capillary wedge (PCW)

A

10(mean)

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21
Q

What is the pressure for the left atrium (LA)

A

10-12 (mean)

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22
Q

What is the O2 saturation for the left atrium (LA)

A

95%

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23
Q

LA mean is equal to

A

LV end diastole

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24
Q

The pressure for the left ventricle

A

1 20/0/12

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25
What is the O2 saturation for the left ventricle
95%
26
LV systole is equal to
Systemic arterial pressure
27
What is the pressure for the aorta/ systemic arterial
120/80
28
What is the O2 saturation for the aorta/ systemic arterial
95%
29
What are the names of the atrioventricular valves (AV valves)
Tricuspid (TV) and mitral (MV) valve
30
What is the normal velocity for the tricuspid valve
0.3-0.7 m/sec
31
What is the velocity of the mitral valve
0.6-1.3 m/sec
32
What are the names of the semilunar valves
Aoartic (AOV) and pulmonic valve (PV)
33
What is the velocity for the PV
0.6-0.9 /sec
34
What is the velocity for the AOV
1.0 -1.7
35
What are names of the primary coronary arteries
Left main coronary artery (LCA)
36
The left main coronary artery (LCA) divides into
Left anterior descending artery (LAD) | Left circumflex artery (LCA)
37
The right coronary artery (RCA) divides into
Acute marginal artery (AM) | Posterior descending artery(PDA)
38
__________ receives the cardiac veins and returns to the right atrium
Coronary sinus(CS)
39
Where is the coronary sinus located
Along the posteriors atrioventricular groove behind the left atrium
40
What contains the lowest oxygen saturation level in the entire body - 60%
Coronary spines
41
The great cardiac vein (coronary vein) drains into
The coronary sinus
42
The middle cardiac vein (posterior cardiac vein) drains into the
Coronary sinus (CS)
43
The left cardiac veins (3-4 small veins) drain into
The coronary sinus
44
The anterior cardiac veins (3-4 small veins) drain into
The right atrium
45
The right( aka small) coronary vein drains into
The coronary sinus
46
Numerous minute veins that return blood from the myocardium directly to the right atrium without entering the cardiac venous system
Venue the Eskimo
47
Closure of the AV valves
1st heart sound
48
Closure of the semilunar valves
2nd heart sound
49
Early ventricular inflow (abnormal in adults: sometimes normal in kids)
3rd heart sound
50
Atrial contraction (abnormal in adults: sometimes normal in kids)
4th heart sound
51
Period of relaxation: ventricular filling
Diastole
52
During diastole the AV valves are
Open
53
During diastole the semilunar valves are
Closed
54
When the volume remains constant within the ventricles: | Ventricular pressures and wall thickness increase
Isovolumic contraction (IVCT)
55
During isovolumic contraction (IVCT) the AV valves ar
Closed
56
During isovolumic contraction (IVCT) the semilunar valves are
Closed
57
Period of contraction: | Ventricular ejection
Systole
58
During systole the AV valves are
Closed
59
During systole the semilunar valves are
Open
60
Volume remains constant within the ventricles: Ventricular pressure and wall thickness decrease: Atrial pressure rises
Isovolumic relaxation (IVRT)
61
Isovolumic relaxation (IVRT) the AV valves are
Closed
62
During isovolumic relaxation (IVRT) the semilunar are
Closed
63
What is the formula for stroke volume
Stroke volume (SV)= end diastolic volume(EDV) - end systolic volume(ESV)
64
What is the normal value for stoke volume
70-100ml
65
What is the formula for cardiac output (CO)
Cardiac Output (CO)= stroke volume(SV) x heart rate(HR)
66
Formula for cardiac index(CI)
Cardiac of Output(CO)/ body surface area(BSA)
67
What is the normal value for cardiac Output (CO)
4-8 l/min
68
What is the normal value for cardiac index(CI)
3-4 l/min squAred
69
The mosteller formula for body surface area
BSA= (height x weight /3131)1/2
70
What is the normal value BSA value
1.72 m squared Men= 1.9 m squared Women= 1.6 m squared 2yr old = 0.5 m squared
71
Volume in. The ventricles at end diastole (increased by state of fluid overload, such as valvular regurgitation, septal defects)
Preload
72
Resistance that the heart must pump against (increased by state of pressure overload such as aortic stenosis, idiopathic hypertrophic sub aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, systemic hypertension, pulmonary hypertension)
After load
73
Contractility of the heart
Inotropic force
74
Rate of contractility (heart rate)
Chronotropic force
75
What are the maneuvers that alter cardiac physiology
``` Expiration Standing Valsalva bearing down Valsalva release phase Amyl nitrite Inspiration Squatting ```
76
During expiration what happens to venous return, stroke volume, and cardiac Output
Decrease
77
While standing venous return, stroke volume and cardiac Output
Decrease
78
With the valsalva bearing down method, venous return, stroke volume and cardiac Output
Decrease
79
During the valsalva release phase venous return, stroke volume and cardiac Output
Increase
80
With Amyl. Nitrite the venous return, stroke volume and cardiac Output
Increase
81
With inspiration the venous return, stroke volume, and cardiac Output
Increase
82
While squatting the venous return, stroke volume and cardiac Output
Increase
83
Names I'd the conduction system
``` Sinoatrial node (SA node) Atrioventricular node (AV node) Bundle of His Right and left bundle branches Purkinje fiber ```
84
What is the location of the SA node
Border of the superior vena cava and right atrium
85
What is the pace of the SA node
60-100bpm
86
What is the location of the AV node
Floor of the right atrium
87
What is the pace of the AV node
40-60bpm
88
What is the location of the bundle of His
Interventricular septum
89
What is the location of the right and left bundle branches
Ventricular walls
90
What is the location of the purkinje fibers
Spread through the ventricles
91
What is the pace of the purkinje fibers
20-49 bpm

Spring 2018 (7 decks)

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