Summary Lecture Flashcards
(37 cards)
Iron’s alternate names?
Ferrous iron (fe2+) ferric iron (fe3+)
Recommended daily intake of iron for athletes?
15-18mg
What are the few functions of iron?
- oxygen delivery (Hb and myoglobin)
- part of numerous oxidative enzymes
- aerobic metabolism
Food sources of iron?
- Meat
- Fish
- Poultry
- Shellfish
- Legumes/dark leafy vege/dried fruit (less amount)
- cast-iron cookware increases iron content
What happens in iron deficiency?
- fatigue
- lower infection resistance
- lower energy metabolism (possible hypothermia)
What are the aetiological factors in menstrual disorders in athletes?
- abnormal levels of hormones
- LH pulsatility
- low EA
- exercise stress
What is FHA?
functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
what happens in FHA?
rapid/significant fat mass reduction as short as 1 month (may compromise menstrual function)
what metabolic hormone and substrate levels can be affected by low EA?
insulin cortisol growth hormone insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) 3,3,5-triiodothyronine ghrelin leptin other mediators glucose fatty acids ketones
In what changes does a generation of immune response occur during exhaustive exercise?
- homeostasis
- temperature control
- hydration status
- stress hormone production
- muscle damage
Which contraction is more damaging: eccentric or concentric?
eccentric
What do damaging eccentric contractions lead to?
- inflammation
- soreness
- nutritional implication
What can possibly trigger immune cells (e.g. macrophage)? [4 answers]
- dehydration
- elevated body temperature
- stress hormones (Cortisol/catecholamines)
- tissue damage (muscles)
what are 2 stress hormones?
cortisol
catecholamines
what are some proinflammatory cytokines?
IL-1
IL-6
TNFa
name an acute phase protein:
C-reactive protein (CRP)
alternate names for vitamin c?
ascorbic acid
ascorbate
dehydroascorbate
l-ascorbate
daily DRI vit c (dietary reference intake) for male and female?
male: 90mg
female: 75mg
daily recommended vit c intake for athletes?
200mg
what are the functions of vit c?
collagen formation
iron absorption
epinephrine formation
antioxidant
what are good food sources of vit c?
fresh fruits (particularly citrus and cherries) vegetables
what deficiency occurs in lack of vit c?
scurvy (rare)
what happens which vit c reaches toxicity?
increased risk of kidney stone formation with chronic intake of 1g/day or more
What are the tolerable limits of vit c for young children (age 1-8)?
500-650mg/day
