Summary of Joints Flashcards
(64 cards)
Synarthrotic
bony edges close together; may interlock
- extremely strong joints
- immobile
example(s):
- bony fusion
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
Amphiarthrotic
joints with limited mobility; flexible but don’t allow for a great deal of movement
- articulating bones connected by collagen fibers or cartilage
example(s):
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
Diarthrotic
aka synovial joints; most flexible type of joint btwn bones; bones are not physically connected and can move freely in relation to e/o
- widest range of motion
- weakest joints
- typically located at ends of long bones (upper and lower appendages)
- complex joint bound by joint capsule containing synovial fluid
- multiaxial = nonaxial
- monaxial - movement in one plane
- biaxial - movement in two planes
- triaxial - movement in all three planes
bony fusion joints
2 bones fused into 1; immobile
example(s):
- epiphysis and diaphysis w/ epiphyseal line
- ilium, ischium, and pubis forming os coxa
- several bones forming sacrum
- several bones forming coccyx
synarthrotic fibrous joints
fibrous tissue binds bones together; fixed joint where collagenous fibrous connective tissue connects two bones; usually immovable with limited flexibility
- sutures: squamous, sagittal, coronal, lambdoidal
synarthrotic cartilaginous joints
type of joint where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage (hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage); slightly moveable & lack a joint cavity
- epiphysis and diaphysis with growth plate (epiphyseal plate)
diarthrotic synovial joints
aka moveable joints; freely moving joints that allow for free movement
gliding joints
multiaxial=nonaxial diarthrotic joints
example(s):
- between carpals
- between tarsals
- between manubrium of sternum and sternal end of clavicle
- between auricular surface of sacrum and ilium of os coxa
- between superior articulating processes and inferior articulating processes of adj. vertebrae
hinge joint
monaxial - movement in one plane
example(s):
- between phalanges = interphalangeal
- elbow
- knee
- ankle
pivot joints
monaxial - movement in one plane
example(s):
- between atlas and axis (atlas pviots around ondontoid process of axis)
- radial head pivoting around radial notch of ulna
ellipsoidal joints
biaxial: movement in two planes
example(s):
- between metacarpals and proximal phalanges
- between metatarsals and proximal phalanges
- between radius and carpals
ball-n-socket joints
triaxial - movement in all three planes
example(s):
- shoulder
hip
can you feel pain in synovial joints?
no– there are no pain receptors or nerves within these joints; the pain from dislocation comes from nerves associated with outside the capsule, ligaments, and tendons
articulating cartilage
covers articulating bones
- surfaces are slick and smooth to reduce friction during joint movement
- when pressure is applied, opposing cartilage doesn’t touch
synovial fluid in between minimizes friction and acts like a sponge
what happens when a synovial joint is damaged?
joint is no longer functional
- smooth surface changes to rough, bristly collagen fibers and increased friction at joint - - due to the breakdown of cartilage matrix
synovial fluid
resembles interstitial fluid
- increased proteoglycans
- clear and viscous
total volume: 3ml
what are the functions of synovial fluid?
shock absorber, lubrication, nutrient distribution and water-disposal route
synovial fluid as a shock absorber
cushions shock in joint subj. to compression like in hip, knee, and ankle
increased pressure allows for fluid to distribute evenly across surfaces and outward toward edges of capsules
synovial fluid as lubrication
helps the joints move smoothly and w/o friction
- as cartilage is pressed, fluid squeezes out into space btwn opposing surfaces
synovial fluid in nutrient distribution and waste-disposal route
for chondrocytes of articular cartilage; circulates as joint moves
- nutrients constantly pumped into and out of cartilage matrix
meniscus
accessory structure; fibrocartilage pad between opposing articular surfaces
fat pad
accessory structure; adipose tissue, protects articular cartilage and fills in space as joint moves
ligaments
accessory structure; very strong reinforces joint capsule and connects bone to bone
what happens in a sprain?
the ligament is stretched to the point where some collagen fibers tear
