summative

Question 1

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

hardening of the arteries

Question 2

Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

plaque buildup on the inside walls of the blood vessels

Question 3

Heart Attack

Answer 3

– damage to an area of heart muscle that is deprived of oxygen, usually due to blockage of a diseased coronary artery, typically accompanied by chest pain radiating down one or both arms, the severity of the attack varying with the extent and location of the damage

Question 4

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Answer 4

is a slow and progressive circulation disorder caused by narrowing, blockage, or spasms in a blood vessel

Question 5

stroke

Answer 5

Occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or severely reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die.

Question 6

Emphysema

Answer 6

A condition in which the alveoli (tiny air sacs) lose their ability to function. Causing shortness of breath.

Question 7

Lung cancer

Answer 7

the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that start off in one or both lungs; usually in the cells that line the air passages. The abnormal cells do not develop into healthy lung tissue, they divide rapidly and form tumors.

Question 8

Laryngeal Cancer

Answer 8

a disease in which cancer cells grow in the larynx. The larynx, also called the voice box, is a short passageway shaped like a triangle that lies just below the pharynx in the neck.

Question 9

oral cancer

Answer 9

Cancer that occurs in or on the mouth, lips, tongue, and lining of the cheek.

Question 10

Addiction

Answer 10

a physiological or psychological dependence on a substance

Question 11

Carbon monoxide

Answer 11

an odorless, tasteless gas that interferes with the ability of blood to carry oxygen

Question 12

3 reasons why people start to smoke-

Answer 12

1. Curiosity/Environment (family members smoke)
2. Peer Pressure
3. “Stress Reliever”

Question 13

• Whether it’s an e-cigarette, vape pen, or pod-based (like JUUL), they are all designed to be

Answer 13

nicotine delivery systems.

Question 14

• ALL salt-based e-juice/liquid contains nicotine

Answer 14

EXTREMELY HIGH AMOUNTS OF NICOTINE)

Question 15

o Salt-based nicotine can allow for

Answer 15

more frequent use, increasing their potential for addiction because it feels less harsh on the throat.

Question 16

o A big concern is that young people are being introduced to

Answer 16

a high amount of nicotine, developing a tolerance quickly, and becoming addicted as a result.

Question 17

• A pod holds its e-juice in the outer shell.

Answer 17

When plugged into the battery piece, the e-juice is heated to produce an aerosol, which is invasive to your lungs.

Question 18

o The aerosols produced by the chemicals in e-juice enter the user’s lungs

Answer 18

and leave chemical residue behind.

Question 19

• Nicotine is a drug that is a stimulant,

Answer 19

meaning it raises levels of physical or psychological activity in the body, and it is toxic in high doses.

Question 20

Nicotine is highly addictive since

Answer 20

it causes changes in the brain chemistry quickly and leaves the brain craving more

Question 21

o The reaction that nicotine has in the brain results i

Answer 21

in the stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain

Question 22

Nicotine process

Answer 22

 When inhaled, nicotine enters the brain after passing through the lungs
 Then it binds to pleasure receptors in the brain
 That causes a release of pleasure chemicals such as dopamine, providing the user with a temporary feeling of pleasure
 Over time, the nicotine interferes with the body’s natural ability to experience/communicate pleasure
 The user needs nicotine just to feel normal

Question 23

• Dangers of using vape products:

Answer 23

o Lung cancer
o Bronchitis – inflammation and irritation of major airways in your body.
o Emphysema – destruction of the tiny air sacs (alveoli), which is the place where fresh oxygen is delivered, and carbon dioxide is removed
o Asthma
o Chronic obtrusive pulmonary disease (COPD)
o Weakened lung immunity- making it harder for the lungs to fight off harmful viruses and bacteria
o Popcorn Lung (constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans) – caused by inhaling diacetyl (found in many e-liquids with sweet flavors) is an irreversible respiratory disease was named after factory workers inhaled artificial butter flavor while working, causing the small airways in the lungs to become scarred and constricted, impairing breathing
o Increased risk for blood clotting
o Increased blood vessel stiffness (caused by inhaling aerosol) = less blood flow through the body
 Ultimately, blood clotting and blood vessel stiffness can increase someone’s risk for a heart attack, heart disease, or stroke.
o Ear, eye, and throat irritation is common among e-cig/vape users

Question 24

• Those who use both e-cigs and cigarettes are at an even higher risk of

Answer 24

developing a lung disease and or heart disease compared to someone only using one or the other.

Question 25

o Damaging this lung tissue could lead to a chain reaction of

Answer 25

other health complications. Less oxygen will be sent to the brain which means less oxygen to the organs and tissues in the body.

Question 26

Other pod based vaping facts

Answer 26

* Flavors are a great way to attract young costumers * Sharing of memes or just posting to social media with these products is a form of free advertising for the e-cig/vape companies * E-cig/Vape companies claim that their design is to help current smokers who want to quit, but for every adult who uses vaping to quit smoking, 80 young people will initiate with e-cig products like JUUL

Question 27

BAC (what does it stand for AND what does it mean

Answer 27

BAC is Blood Alcohol Concentration and it is the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood

Question 28

* Amount

Answer 28

the number of drinks a person has

Question 29

* Speed

Answer 29

– the rate at which a person consumes alcohol. The faster a person drinks, the liver does not have time to break down the alcohol.

Question 30

* Body weight

Answer 30

higher the body weight = a higher amount of blood volume.

Question 31

Percentage of body fat

Answer 31

Body fat does not absorb as much alcohol as lean body tissue. A person with a higher percent of body fat will have a higher BAC after one drink than a person with a lower percentage of body fat.

Question 32

Gender

Answer 32

BAC rises faster in females. Certain hormones make females more sensitive to the effects of alcohol than males. Females also have less of a certain stomach enzyme that breaks down alcohol before it enters the bloodstream.

Question 33

Feelings

Answer 33

Stress, anger, and fear can affect BAC by speeding up the time it takes alcohol to enter the bloodstream.

Question 34

* Amount of food eaten –

Answer 34

alcohol passes more quickly into the bloodstream when the stomach is empty than when it is full

Question 35

* Other drugs in the bloodstream –

Answer 35

the presence of certain drugs in the bloodstream increases the effects of alcohol. For example, tranquilizers and painkillers increase the depressant effects of alcohol.

Question 36

* Age

Answer 36

elderly people are more sensitive to the effects of alcohol than are younger people. The bodies of elderly people contain a lower volume of blood than the bodies of younger people.

Question 37

* Drinking carbonated beverages

Answer 37

the alcohol in carbonated beverages passes into the bloodstream more quickly than the alcohol in noncarbonated drinks.

Question 38

* Functional tolerance

Answer 38

is a decrease in the body’s sensitivity to alcohol’s effects. A person will appear to be less intoxicated with the same amount of drinks as someone who isn’t as tolerant. This is only a behavioral adaptation, because the liver is still eliminating alcohol at the rate of one drink per hour – being able to “handle your alcohol” does not have any effect on BAC.

Question 39

* As a person’s BAC level rises, they will experience different things. This will also vary from individual to individual:

Answer 39

.02 – Relaxed and may have more social confidence .05 – Areas of the brain that control reasoning and judgement are impaired .08-.10 – People can longer make responsible decisions, but claim to not be affected .12 – People become nauseous and vomit .20 – Emotions are unpredictable and may change rapidly .30 – People have little or no control over their minds. Most people can’t stay awake. .40 and up – People are likely to be unconscious/Breathing and HR decrease/People may enter a coma and die

Question 40

2. FAS (what does it stand for AND what does it mean)–

Answer 40

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and it is the presence of severe birth defects in babies born to mothers who drink alcohol during pregnancy

Question 41

*What are some common symptoms/signs of FAS?

Answer 41

Low birth weight, facial deformities, heart abnormalities, and other defects.

Question 42

3. Binge Drinking –

Answer 42

consuming large amounts of alcohol in a short amount of time *How many drinks does it take in an hour for a male to be considered binge drinking? 5 or more *How many drinks does it take in an hour for a female to be considered binge drinking? 4 or more

Question 43

4. Alcohol Poisoning –

Answer 43

a severe elevation of the BAC that may lead to coma and death, resulting from consumption of large amounts of alcohol. *Even if a person survives alcohol poisoning, what could still happen as a result of the experience? Permanent brain damage *What are some common signs of alcohol poisoning? extremely disoriented, unresponsive, or unconscious, with shallow breathing. *What steps should an individual take if he/she sees signs of alcohol poisoning? Seek medical attention immediately

Question 44

5. Depressant

Answer 44

a drug category (not a specific drug) that slows down the central nervous system by blocking messages trying to get to the brain

Question 45

6. Cirrhosis

Answer 45

a disease of the liver caused by chronic damage to the liver cells

Question 46

7. Hangover

Answer 46

an aftereffect of using alcohol and other drugs – headache, increased sensitivity to sounds, nausea, vomiting, etc.

Question 47

8. Blackout

Answer 47

an aftereffect of using alcohol and other drugs – headache, increased sensitivity to sounds, nausea, vomiting, etc.

Question 48

9. Hazing Activity

Answer 48

an activity in which a person is forced to participate in a dangerous or demanding act to become a member of a club or group

Question 49

10. Denial

Answer 49

refusing to admit that you have a problem

Question 50

11. Withdrawal

Answer 50

the reaction of the body to the sudden stop of a drug that a person is physically dependent on – symptoms include chills, vomiting, painful cramps, “the shakes,” etc.

Question 51

12. Alcoholics Anonymous

Answer 51

a recovery program for people who have alcoholism

Question 52

14. Delaware is one of the states that implemented the

Answer 52

ZERO TOLERANCE LAW Things that should be addressed: * BAC level- .02 or more Specifies that if a minor has ANY detectable amount of alcohol in his or her system while operating a vehicle in public, the minor has committed the criminal offense of DUI—the minor's driver’s license is immediately suspended, and the officer can take the license on site.

Question 53

* Marijuana

Answer 53

is the dried leaves of the Cannabis sativa or Cannabis indica plant

Question 54

how many chemicals in marijuana

Answer 54

over 500 chemicals

Question 55

* Delta-9-tetrahdrocannabinol (THC

Answer 55

) is the chemical that is known to cause the psychotropic (mind-altering) effects, aka what makes a person feel “high.”

Question 56

* The amount of THC in marijuana has been

Answer 56

increasing over the past few decades.

Question 57

* Marijuana can be used in these forms:

Answer 57

o Smoking hand-rolled cigarettes (joints) or marijuana cigars (blunts) o Inhaling smoke using glass/metal pipes (bowls) or water pipes (bongs) o Inhaling vapor using a device that pulls the active ingredients (including THC) from the marijuana into the vapor. o Drinking tea brewed with marijuana o Eating food with marijuana cooked into it (edibles)

Question 58

* Synthetic marijuana (also known as – K2, Spice, or herbal incense) –

Answer 58

laboratory-made chemicals like THC that are sprayed onto plant materials to make it look like marijuana but are often much stronger and very dangerous. Unlike marijuana, their use directly results in overdose deaths.

Question 59

* Smoking or vaping marijuana causes THC to quickly pass

Answer 59

pass from the lungs into the bloodstream, which carries it to the organs throughout the body, including the brain. Its effects begin almost immediately and can last from 1-3 hours.

Question 60

* If eating or drinking marijuana, the effects of THC

Answer 60

can appear within 30-60 minutes. o Because of the delayed effects, some people will consume more and more waiting for their “high” to take effect

Question 61

o This sometimes results in a trip to the emergency room because the user experiences uncomfortable symptoms from too much THC

Answer 61

 Unease  Shaking  Anxiety  Paranoia  Hallucinations  Psychotic reactions

Question 62

* Marijuana activates the

Answer 62

endocannabinoid system which causes the “high” and stimulates the release of dopamine in the brain’s reward centers, thus reinforcing the behavior.

Question 63

* There are generally NO reports of people fatally

Answer 63

fatally overdosing (dying) on marijuana alone. o However, marijuana use can increase risks for accidents and injuries (drugged driving impacts alertness, concentration, coordination, and reaction time)

Question 64

* Marijuana CAN be addictive

Answer 64

10% of people who use marijuana may develop “marijuana use disorder,” which leads to problems in school, friendships, family or other conflicts in their life.

Question 65

* People us use marijuana frequently can develop _ when they stop

Answer 65

withdrawal symptoms

Question 66

o Possible withdrawal symptoms include

Answer 66

include irritability, sleeplessness, lack of appetite, anxiety, cravings

Question 67

o These symptoms can last for a

Answer 67

a few days up to a few weeks. This could result in relapse (returning t the drug after you’ve quit) b/c they crave the drug to relieve the symptoms.

Question 68

* CBD

Answer 68

Cannabidiol is one of the main cannabinoids (chemical compounds unique to cannabis) found in cannabis sativa plants o CBD can be derived from any type of cannabis sativa plant, but it’s legal throughout the U.S. only when it comes from hemp specifically.

Question 69

* THC

Answer 69

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is another main cannabinoid found in cannabis sativa plants. o THC is the compound that produces the intoxicating, psychoactive “high” feeling

Question 70

* CBD and THC may come from the same plant, but their unique chemical structures

Answer 70

affect how they interact with the body. Because of these differences, they are treated differently in the U.S. legal system.

Question 71

* CBD is still psychoactive, meaning it

Answer 71

affects the mind – it’s just not intoxicating and doesn’t impair function.

Question 72

* Potential side-effects of thc and cbd

Answer 72

o THC – dry mouth and intoxication effects, such as disorientation, paranoia, dizziness. More serious reactions can include panic attacks and psychosis. High doses may even lead to hospitalization. o CBD – no abuse potential and won’t lead to hospitalization even with high doses. High dosage most commonly leads to sleepiness and may lead to liver issues over the long term, although more research is needed to confirm. Adverse digestive effects associated with CBD typically stem from other ingredients in the CBD product, such as coconut oil.

Question 73

* Both CBD and THC have been shown to help

Answer 73

manage sleep troubles and physical pain. CBD specifically is often used to alleviate stress and anxiety, too.

Question 74

* Medical marijuana uses

Answer 74

the marijuana plant or chemicals in it to treat diseases or conditions. * More and more states are legalizing marijuana to treat pain and illness

Question 75

* In addition to the other ways “normal” marijuana can used, medical marijuana can be applied to

Answer 75

the skin in a lotion, spray, oil, or cream. It also can come in liquid form and the user can place drops under their tongue. * States monitor and regulate medical marijuana sales, but they are unable to regulate the strength and ingredients

Question 76

* To get medical marijuana, a person needs a written recommendation

Answer 76

from a licensed doctor in states where that is legal. (Not every doctor is willing to recommend medical marijuana for their patients)

Question 77

* 2 laboratory-made versions of THC have been approved by the federal government

Answer 77

government to treat nausea, prevent sickness and vomiting from chemotherapy in cancer patients, and increase appetite in some patients with AIDS

Question 78

* CBD oil has been approved as a

Answer 78

a possible treatment for seizures in children with some severe forms of epilepsy

Question 79

* Delaware Laws – Legal Status =

Answer 79

Fully Legal Medicinal = yes

Question 80

o Governor John Carney said he would let

Answer 80

HB1 (legalizes possession of up to one ounce of cannabis for adults 21 or older) and HB2 (will regulate and tax cannabis sales for adults in DE) bills pass without his signature. This is his quote - “I came to this decision because I believe we’ve spent far too much time focused on this issue when Delawareans face more serious and pressing concerns every day. It’s time to move on.”

Question 81

o 22nd state to legalize recreational marijuana

Answer 81

delaware o Must be 21 or older o Legal amounts = 1 ounce or less of leaf marijuana, 12 grams or less of concentrated cannabis, or cannabis products containing 750 milligrams or less of THC.