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Biology > Summer 2023 exam > Flashcards

Summer 2023 exam Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Nutrition

A

Need nutrients for energy and raw material for growth and repair

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2
Q

Respiration

A

Release energy from their food

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3
Q

Excretion

A

CO2 and urine, need to be removed

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4
Q

Stimuli

A

React to changes in surroundings

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5
Q

Movement

A

Move towards things like water and food, away from predators and poisons

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6
Q

Homeostasis

A

Control internal conditions

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7
Q

Reproduction

A

Ensuring offsprings

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8
Q

Growth and develop

A

Grow and develop into adult form

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9
Q

Organelles in animal cells

A

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

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10
Q

Organelles in plant cells

A

Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Vacuole

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11
Q

Similar cells are organised into…

A

tissues

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12
Q

Tissues are organised into…

A

organs

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13
Q

Organs make up…

A

organ systems

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14
Q

What can embryonic stem cells do?

A

Differentiate into any type of cell
Divide to produce lots of more undifferentiated cells

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15
Q

Adult stem cells can be found in…

A

bone marrow

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16
Q

Advantages of stem cells

A

Can cure many diseases
Replace faulty cells using embryonic stem cells
The embryonic stem cells are from unwanted embryos

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17
Q

Disadvantages of stem cells

A

Stem cells grown in labs can be contaminated with virus
Ethical issues as people see it as potential life being killed
Body can reject cells

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18
Q

Which living organisms are multicellular?

A

Plants, animals, some of fungi

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19
Q

Which living organisms are unicellular?

A

Bacteria, protoctists, some of fungi

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20
Q

Which living organisms can photosynthesise?

A

Plants, some of protoctists, some of bacteria

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21
Q

Which living organisms cannot photosynthesise?

A

Animals, fungi, some of protoctists, some of bacteria

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22
Q

Which living organisms have cell walls? What are they made of?

A

Plant, cellulose
Fungi, chitin
Some of protoctists, cellulose
Bacteria, peptidoglycan

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23
Q

Plants store carbohydrates as…

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A

sucrose or starch

24
Q

Animals store carbohydrates as…

25
Fungi store carbohydrates as...
glycogen
26
What do animals have that make them able to react to stimuli quickly?
Nervous coordination
27
Structure of fungi
Body of mycelium, made up of hyphae with a lot of nuclei
28
How do fungi feed?
Saprotrophic nutrition, secrete digestive enzymes onto food, dissolve it and absorb it
29
Which living organisms are microscopic?
Protoctists Bacteria
30
True or False: Bacteria has a nucleus
False - does not have one
31
What does bacteria have instead of a nucleus?
Circular chromosome of DNA with plasmids
32
Example of single celled fungi
Yeast
33
Example of multicellular fungi
Mucor
34
Example of plant-like protoctists
Chlorella
35
Example of animal-like protoctists
Amoeba
36
Example of pathogenic protoctist, what it causes
Plasmodium, causes malaria
37
Example of pathogenic bacteria, what it causes
Pneumococcus, causes pneumonia
38
Example of virus, what it causes
HIV, causes AIDS
39
Virus structure
Do not have a cellular structure, have protein coat around some genetic material (DNA or RNA)
40
How do viruses reproduce?
Inside living cells, infect all kinds of cells
41
Do virus come in a certain shape and size?
No, they come in a variety
42
Enzymes are...(catalyst)
Biological catalysts, increases speed of reaction, do not get changed or used up during process
43
Enzymes are...(made of what)
Protein, chains of amino acids
44
Substrate
Molecule that is changed in a reaction
45
Every enzyme has a...
Active site, where substrate locks to the enzyme
46
Lock and key explanation
Only one type of substrate of specific shape can fit in the active site
47
Increasing the temperature _______ enzyme reactions only to a certain point. Why?
Increases. They have more energy as the temp increases and collide more often to form enzyme-substrate complexes. When too hot, the bonds holding enzyme together breaks, active site denatures, cannot fit substrate
48
Changing the pH affects enzyme activity, why?
Then pH levels can interfere with the active site, can denature it and change the shape of active site
49
Common optimum pH for enzymes
pH 7
50
Carbohydrates are made up of...
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
51
Starch, glycogen and maltose are made up of molecules of...
glucose
52
Proteins are made up of...
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Long chains of amino acids
53
Lipids are made up of...
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Fatty acids and glycerol
54
Test for glucose
1. 5cm^3 of food solution in test tube 2. water bath of 75 degrees 3. 10 drops Benedict's solution using pipette into test tube 4. test tube into water bath for 5 mins 5. if contains, blue. Green/yellow in low concentration; brick-red in high concentration
55
Test for starch
1. 5cm^3 of food solution in test tube 2. 3 drops of iodine solution, gently shake 3. if contains, browny-orange to black/blue black
56
Test for protein
1. 2cm^3 of food solution in test tube 2. 2cm^3 of Biuret solution added and gently shake 3. if contains, turn blue, pink or purple. if no, will stay blue
57
Test for fat
1. 5 cm^3 into test tube 2. 3 drops of Sudan III stain solution by pipette 3. bright red layer on top if lipid present

Biology (1 decks)

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