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AP Chemistry > Summer Assignment Memorization > Flashcards

Summer Assignment Memorization Flashcards

1
Q

When the name of the anion ends in –ide

A

the acid name begins with the prefix hydro-, the stem of the anion has the suffix –ic and it is followed by the word “acid”. For example: HCl: Cl- is chloride, so HCl = hydrochloric acid

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2
Q

When the anion name ends in –ite

A

the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix –ous, followed by the word “acid”. For example: ClO2- is the chlorite ion, so HClO2 = chlorous acid

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3
Q

When the anion name ends in –ate

A

the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix –ic, followed by the word “acid”. For example: ClO3- is the chlorate ion, so HClO3 = chloric acid

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4
Q

When the anion name begins with per-

A

the acid name begins with per- and the stem of the anion has the suffix –ic and it is followed by the word “acid”. For example: ClO4- is the perchlorate ion, so HClO4 = perchloric acid

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5
Q

Rules for Naming Ionic Compounds

A
  1. Balance charges – charges should always = 0
  2. Cation is always written first (in name and in formula)
  3. Change the ending of the anion (if an element) to –ide. If a polyatomic ion, the ion name does not change.
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6
Q

Solubility Rules

A
  1. All compounds containing alkali metal cations or the ammonium ion are soluble.
  2. All compounds containing NO3-, ClO4-, ClO3-, and C2H3O2- anions are soluble.
  3. All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except those containing Ag+, Pb2+, or Hg2+.
  4. All sulfates are soluble except those containing Hg2+, Pb2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, or Ba2+.
  5. All hydroxides are insoluble, except compounds of the alkali metals, ammonium, Ca2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+.
  6. All compounds containing PO43-, S2-, CO32-, and SO32- are insoluble, except compounds of the alkali metals or ammonium.
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7
Q

Oxidation Number

A

a number assigned to an atom in a molecular compound or molecular ion that indicates the general distribution of electrons among the bonded atoms

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8
Q

Rules for Determining Oxidation Number

A
  1. The oxidation number of any uncombined element is zero (0).
  2. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is equal to the charge on the ion.
  3. The more electronegative element in a binary compound is assigned the number equal to the charge it would have if it were an ion.
  4. The oxidation number of fluorine in a compound is always -1.
  5. Oxygen has an oxidation number of -2 unless it is combined with fluorine (where it will be +2) or it is in a peroxide (where it will be -1).
  6. The oxidation state of hydrogen in most of its compounds is +1 unless it is combined with a metal, in which case it will be -1.
  7. In compounds, the elements of Groups 1 and 2, as well as aluminum have oxidation numbers of +1, +2, and +3, respectively.
  8. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral compound is 0.
  9. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a polyatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion.
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9
Q

Chromium

A

Cr; +2, +3; Chromium (II), Chromium (III)

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10
Q

Manganese

A

Mn; +2, +3; Manganese (II), Manganese (III)

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11
Q

Iron

A

Fe; +2, +3; Iron (II), Iron (III); Ferrous, Ferric

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12
Q

Cobalt

A

Co; +2, +3, Cobalt (II), Cobalt (III)

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13
Q

Copper

A

Cu; +1, +2; Copper (I), Copper (II); Cuprous, Cupric

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14
Q

Lead

A

Pb; +2, +4; Lead (II), Lead (IV); Plumbous, Plumbic

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15
Q

Mercury

A

Hg; +1, +2; Mercury (I), Mercury (II); Mercurous, Mercuric

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16
Q

Tin

A

Sn; +2, +4; Tin (II), Tin (IV); Stannous, Stannic

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17
Q

Gold

A

Au; +1, +3; Gold (I), Gold (III)

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18
Q

Silver

A

Ag; +1, +2 (rare); Silver, Silver (II)

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19
Q

Bismuth

A

Bi; +3, +5; Bismuth (III), Bismuth (V)

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20
Q

Antimony

A

Sb; +3, +5; Antimony (III), Antimony (V)

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21
Q

Cadmium

A

Cd; +2; Cadmium

22
Q

Zinc

A

Zn; +2; Zinc

23
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4+

24
Q

Acetate

A

C2H3O2-

25
Q

Bromate

A

BrO3-

26
Q

Chlorate

A

ClO3-

27
Q

Chlorite

A

ClO2-

28
Q

Cyanide

A

CN-

29
Q

Dihydrogen phosphate

A

H2PO4-

30
Q

Hypochlorite

A

ClO-

31
Q

Hydrogen carbonate

bicarbonate

A

HCO3-

32
Q

Hydrogen sulfate

bisulfate

A

HSO4-

33
Q

Hydrogen sulfite

bisulfite

A

HSO3-

34
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH-

35
Q

Iodate

A

IO3-

36
Q

Nitrate

A

NO3-

37
Q

Nitrite

A

NO2-

38
Q

Perchlorate

A

ClO4-

39
Q

Permanganate

A

MnO4-

40
Q

Thiocyanate

A

SCN-

41
Q

Carbonate

A

CO32-

42
Q

Chromate

A

CrO42-

43
Q

Dichromate

A

Cr2O72-

44
Q

Oxalate

A

C2O42-

45
Q

Selenate

A

SeO42-

46
Q

Sulfate

A

SO42-

47
Q

Sulfite

A

SO32-

48
Q

Phosphate

A

PO43-

49
Q

Phosphite

A

PO33-

50
Q

Silicate

A

SiO44-

AP Chemistry (3 decks)

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