Summer Packet Vocabulary

Question 1

Categorical Variables

Answer 1

The value of the variable is a name or label
Ex. The color of people’s shirts

Question 2

Quantitative Variables

Answer 2

The value of the variable is a number
Ex. How many people live on Earth

Question 3

Discrete Variables

Answer 3

They take on any value between 0 and infinity, and has to be a whole number

Question 4

Continuous Variables

Answer 4

They take on any value between the maximum and minimum values

Question 5

Univariate Data

Answer 5

When a study only looks at one variable

Question 6

Bivariate Data

Answer 6

When a study examines the relationship between 2 variables

Question 7

Population

Answer 7

Includes all elements in a data set
Ex. Citizens in Italy

Question 8

Sample

Answer 8

Consists of one or more observations drawn from the population
Ex. Weight of 5 year olds, take the weight of 20 5 year olds

Question 9

Median

Answer 9

Middle value; a simple measure of central tendency

Question 10

Mean

Answer 10

Average
Formula: x̄=(X1+X1+X1…XN)/N = [ΣXi]/N

Question 11

Outlier

Answer 11

An extreme value that differs greatly from the other values in the set

Question 12

Parameter

Answer 12

A measurable characteristic of a population; mean or standard deviation

Question 13

Statistic

Answer 13

A characteristic of a sample

Question 14

Range

Answer 14

The difference between the biggest and smallest variable

Question 15

Interquartile Range

Answer 15

A measure of variability; middle 50% of the data
Formula: Q3-Q1

Question 16

Variance

Answer 16

A numerical value used to indicate how widely individuals differ in a group vary
Formula: σ2=Σ(xi - µ)2/N

Question 17

Standard Deviation

Answer 17

The square root of the variance
Formula: σ=√σ2 = √Σ(Xi- µ)2/N

Question 18

Standard Score (z-score)

Answer 18

Indicated how many standard deviations an element is from the mean
Formula: z = (x - µ)/σ

Question 19

Symmetry

Answer 19

Can be divided at the center so each half is a mirror image

Question 20

Unimodal

Answer 20

Distributions with one clear peak

Question 21

Bimodal

Answer 21

Distributions with two clear peaks

Question 22

Skewed Left

Answer 22

Distributions with fewer observations on the left

Question 23

Skewed Right

Answer 23

Distributions with fewer observations on the right

Question 24

Uniform

Answer 24

When observations in a set of data are equally spread across the range of distribution