Summer Reading

Question 1

Alliteration

Answer 1

The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables

Question 2

Allusion

Answer 2

An indirect reference, often to another text or historic event.

Question 3

Analogy

Answer 3

An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.

Question 4

Anaphora

Answer 4

The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.

Question 5

Anecdote

Answer 5

A short account of an interesting event

Question 6

Annotation

Answer 6

Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.

Question 7

Antecendent

Answer 7

The noun to which a later pronoun refers.

Question 8

Antimetabole

Answer 8

The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen contrast.

Question 9

Antithesis

Answer 9

Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.

Question 10

Aphorism

Answer 10

A short, astute statement of a general truth.

Question 11

Appostive

Answer 11

A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun

Question 12

Aristotelian Triangle

Answer 12

A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (Also referred to as rhetorical triangle).

Question 13

Assertation

Answer 13

An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.

Question 14

Asyndeton

Answer 14

Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses. Attitude: The speaker’s position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone.

Question 15

Claim

Answer 15

An assertion, usually supported by evidence.

Question 16

Colloquialism

Answer 16

An informal or conversational use of language.

Question 17

Complex sentence

Answer 17

A sentence the includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Question 18

Concession

Answer 18

A reluctant acknowledgement or yielding.

Question 19

Connotation

Answer 19

That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the words literal meaning (see denotation).

Question 20

Context

Answer 20

The circumstances that may have influenced a message.

Question 21

Counterargument

Answer 21

A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.

Question 22

Cumulative sentence

Answer 22

An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail (also referred to as a loose sentence).

Question 23

Declarative sentence

Answer 23

A sentence that makes a statement.

Question 24

Denotation

Answer 24

The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition. Diction: Word choice.

Question 25

Elegiac

Answer 25

Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.

Question 26

Ethos

Answer 26

A Greek term referring to the character of a person or their credibility

Question 27

Euphemism

Answer 27

Saying something harsh in a gentler way, or sugercoating something

Question 28

Exigence

Answer 28

The specific reason a message was created; the situation that prompted the writer to speak out.

Question 29

Hyperbole

Answer 29

Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.

Question 30

Imperative sentence

Answer 30

A sentence that requests or commands.

Question 31

Inversion

Answer 31

A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.

Question 32

Irony

Answer 32

A contradiction between what is said and what is meant in congruity between action and result.

Question 33

Juxtaposition

Answer 33

Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.

Question 34

Logos

Answer 34

A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic

Question 35

Metaphor

Answer 35

A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making in implicit comparison.

Question 36

Metonymy

Answer 36

Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.

Question 37

Oxymoron

Answer 37

A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms

Question 38

Paradox

Answer 38

A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.

Question 39

Parallelism

Answer 39

The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.

Question 40

Parody

Answer 40

A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.

Question 41

Pathos

Answer 41

A Green term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion.

Question 42

Personification

Answer 42

Assigning lifelike characteristic to inanimate objects.

Question 43

Polysyndeton

Answer 43

The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions

Question 44

Premise

Answer 44

Major, minor Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded. Minor premise: All horses are mammals. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism).

Question 45

Propaganda

Answer 45

A negative term from writing designed to sway opinion rather the present information.

Question 46

Refute

Answer 46

To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.

Question 47

Rhetoric

Answer 47

The study of effective, persuasive language use; use of the "available means of persuasion."

Question 48

Rhetorical Question

Answer 48

A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.

Question 49

Satire

Answer 49

An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.

Question 50

Scheme

Answer 50

A category of figurative language that involves structure or patterns in sentences, specifically balance, word order, omission, and repetition.

Question 51

Simile

Answer 51

A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things

Question 52

Straw man

Answer 52

A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, than attacking an opponent's position.

Question 53

Subordinate Clause

Answer 53

created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.

Question 54

Syntax

Answer 54

Sentence structure.

Question 55

Synthesize

Answer 55

Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.

Question 56

Thesis Statement

Answer 56

A defensible statement of the central idea in a work.

Question 57

Tone

Answer 57

The speakers attitude toward the subject or audience.

Question 58

Trope

Answer 58

A category of figurative language that includes elements which affect the meaning and which can be subdivided into reference, wordplay, substitution, overstatement, and understatement.

Question 59

Understatement

Answer 59

Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.

Question 60

Voice

Answer 60

In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality on the style and tone of writing.