Summer term exam

Question 1

What does a scalar quantity have?

Answer 1

A scalar quantity has magnitude but no specific direction.

Question 2

What does a vector quantity have?

Answer 2

A vector quantity has both magnitude and specific direction.

Question 3

What do scalar quantities include?

Answer 3

Density, Time, Energy, Resistance, Speed, Volume, Mass, Power

Question 4

What do vector quantities include?

Answer 4

Velocity, Force, Acceleration, Weight, Momentum

Question 5

What is Distance?

Answer 5

Distance is a scalar quantity that referes to how much ground an object has covered during its motion

Question 6

What is Displacement?

Answer 6

Displacement is a vector quantity that refers to how far out of place an object is from it’s starting position, it is the objects overall change in position.

Question 7

What is velocity?

Answer 7

Velocity is speed in a stated direction

Question 8

How do you work out the average speed?

Answer 8

Average speed = distance/time

Question 9

How do you work out the distance travelled?

Answer 9

Distance travelled = average speed x time

Question 10

How can speed be determined?

Answer 10

Speed can be determined by analysis of the gradient of distance/time graph

Question 11

How is weight defined?

Answer 11

Weight is defined by the equation weight = mass x gravitational field strength (W = M x G)

Question 12

What is weight?

Answer 12

It is a force

Question 13

How is weight measured?

Answer 13

It is measured in newtons

Question 14

True or False? There is a relationship between Speed and newtons

Answer 14

False, there is a relatioinship between the weight of a body and the gravitational field strength acting upon it.

Question 15

What is Newtons first law of motion?

Answer 15

An object at a constant velocity will remain at the same velocity unless acted on by a resultant force.

Question 16

What does Newtons first law of motion describe?

Answer 16

Newton’s First Law of motion describes the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object in the following situations: Where the resultant force on a body is zero i.e. the body is moving at a constant velocityor is at rest and where the resultant force is not zero i.e. the speed and/or direction of the body changes.

Question 17

What do energy diagrams represent?

Answer 17

Energy transfers

Question 18

Can energy be created or destroyed?

Answer 18

No, energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 19

When do mechanical processes become wasteful?

Answer 19

Mechanical processes become wasteful when they cause a rise in temperature so dissipating energy in heating the surroundings.

Question 20

How can unwanted energy transfers be limited?

Answer 20

Unwanted energy transfers can be limited by methods including through lubrication, thermal insulation

Question 21

What is the equation to work out efficiency?

Answer 21

Efficiency = (useful energy output) / (total energy input)

Question 22

Can waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

How can waves be described?

Answer 23

Waves can be described by the use of the terms frequency and wavelength. Waves can also be described by the terms, amplitude, period and wave velocity.

Question 24

How can wave speed be calculated?

Answer 24

Waves speed can be calculated by using both the equations: wave speed = frequency x wavelength v=fxλ or wave speed = distance ÷ time v=d/t

Question 25

How do you work out the velocity of sound in air?

Answer 25

Velocity of sound in air = distance/ average time

Question 26

What is the definition of frequency?

Answer 26

The number of waves past a given point per second, measured in hertz

Question 27

What is the definition of wavelength?

Answer 27

The distance between two identical points on successive waves (such as peak to peak or trough to trough)

Question 28

How can ray diagrams be described?

Answer 28

Reflection, refraction and total internal reflection, can be described with ray diagrams

Question 29

What is the difference between specular and diffuse reflection?

Answer 29

A specular reflection is the light reflected from a smooth surface at a definite angle and a diffuse reflection is the light reflected from a rough surface and tends to reflect light in all directions

Question 30

What converts disturbances between sound waves and vibrations in solids

Answer 30

There are a number of processes that converts disturbances between sound waves and vibrations in solids. These processes only work over a limited frequency range for the human ear.

Question 31

What are sounds with frequencies greater than 20,000 hertz known as?

Answer 31

Ultrasound

Question 32

What are sounds with frequencies less than 20 hertz know as?

Answer 32

Infrasound

Question 33

What are ultrasound and infrasound used for?

Answer 33

Unltrasound and infrasound are used for exploration of the Earths mantle and core.

Question 34

What can be calculated from time and wave velocity?

Answer 34

Depth or distance can be calculated from time and wave velocity

Question 35

What are electromagnetic waves?

Answer 35

They are transverse, that they at the same speed in a vacuum

Question 36

From where do electromagnetic waves transfer energy?

Answer 36

All electromagnetic waves transfer energy from source to observer.

Question 37

What are the main groupings of the continuous electromagnetic spectrum?

Answer 37

(In order) Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible (including the colours of the visible spectrum), ultravoilet, X-rays and Gamma rays

Question 38

How can an atom be described?

Answer 38

An atom can be described as positively charged nucleus, consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons, with the nuclear radius much smaller that that of the atom and with almost all of the mass in the nucleus

Question 39

What are there typical sizes of?

Answer 39

There are typical sizes (order of magnitude) of atoms and small molecules.

Question 40

How is the structure of nuclei of isotopes described?

Answer 40

The structure of nuclei of isotopes is described using the terms atomic (proton) number and mass (nucleon) number and using symbols in the format 13 6 C.

Question 41

What does the nucleus of each element have?

Answer 41

The nucleus of each element has a characteristic positive charge, but that elements differ in mass by having different numbers of neutrons.

Question 42

What is the relative mass and relative electric charge of a proton?

Answer 42

Relative mass: 1 Relative charge: +1

Question 43

What is the relative mass and relative electric charge of a neutron?

Answer 43

Relative mass: 1 Relative charge: 0

Question 44

What is the relative mass and relative electric charge of an electron?

Answer 44

Revative mass: 1/1840 (accept 0) Relative charge: -1